The Effect of Population Density and Intercropping with Tomato on the Growth and Yield of Winged Bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29244/jtcs.6.02.81-88Keywords:
population density, vegetable, net assimilation rate, winged beanAbstract
Winged bean (Fabaceae) is a tropical crop that has high nutrient content, and almost all parts of the plant are edible. The research aimed to evaluate the growth and production of winged bean in an intercropping system with tomato. The study was conducted at the Cikabayan Experimental Field of Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia, in a randomized block design with three replications during the rainy season of December 2017 to June 2018. Winged beans were planted in high and low population densities and intercropped with three tomato genotypes, “Tora”, F70030081-12-16-3 and “Apel Belgia”. Monoculture winged bean was assigned as control. Tomatoes were planted between the rows of the winged beans in the intercropping treatment. The results showed that the growth of winged bean in monoculture and intercropping systems was not significantly different. The photosynthetic activity of winged bean at three to five weeks after planting remained high, indicating that the vegetative growth was optimal in both systems. Intercropping increased the winged bean number of pods per plant by 12.66-19.52% compared to monoculture, irrespective of population density. Therefore, winged bean could be considered as suitable to grow in intercropping systems.
References
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Gahara, E.D. (2015). “Flowering Phenology and Seed Physiology Maturation Determination of Winged Bean Plant (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus L)”. [Undergraduate Thesis]. Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor. Indonesia. https://repository.ipb.ac.id.
Handayani, T., Kusmana., and Hidayat, I.M. (2015). Morphological characterization and evaluation yield of winged bean pod (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus L.). Jurnal Hortikultura 25, 126-132.
Herlina, N., Hariyono, D., and Margawati, D.T. (2017). Effect of planting time of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var capitata) and Chili (Capsicum annum L.) on the efficiency of land use in the intercropping system. Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia 8, 111-119.
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Kitou, M., Anugroho, F., Yamashita, T., and Kobashigawa, N. (2010). Potential utilization of winged bean as a cover crop. Research for Tropical Agriculture 3, 1-5.
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Njoku, D.N., Afuape, S.O., and Ebeniro, C.N. (2010). Growth and yield of cassava as influenced by grain cowpea population density in Southeastern Nigeria. African Journal of Agricultural Research 5, 2778-2781.
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Salako, F.K., and Tian, G. (2003). Soil water depletion under various leguminous cover crops in the derived savanna of West Africa. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment Journal 100, 173-180.
Santosa, E., Sugiyama, N., Nakata, M., and Lee, O.N. (2006). Growth and corm production of Amorphophallus at different shading level in Indonesia. Japanese Journal of Tropical Agriculture 50, 87-91.
Schiavinato, M.A., and Valio, I.F.M. (1996). Influence of staking on development of winged bean plants. Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology 8, 99-103.
Singh, S.K., Singh, S.J., and Reemi, D.N. (2013). The winged bean: A vegetable crop of amazing potential. Annals of Horticulture 6, 159-160.
Sinha, A.K. (2013). Reclamation of mining degraded land by introduction of some under exploited plants in Raniganj and Barjora coal field of West Bengal, India. Plant Sciences Feed 3, 109-116.
Soetiarso, T.A., and Setiawati, W. (2010). The technical and economic study of cropping systems two varieties of red pepper in the highlands. Jurnal Hortikultura 20, 284-298.
Sulistyowati, D., Chozin, M.A., Syukur, M., Melati, M., and Guntoro, D. (2016). Selection of shade-tolerant tomato genotypes. Journal of Applied Horticulture 18, 154-159.
Sumpena, U., Kusandriani, Y., and Lutfhi. (2013). Test the yield potency of nine prospective red bean strains in West Java. Jurnal Agrotropika 18, 12-15.
Sunaryanti, D.P. 2017. “Growth Analysis and Physiological Characters of Several Tomato Genotypes Under Low Light Intensity”. [Thesis]. Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor. Indonesia. Https://repository.ipb.ac.id.
Sundari, T., and Mutmaidah, S. (2018). Identify the suitability of soybean genotypes for intercropping with cassava. Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia 23, 29-37.
Susila, A.D., Syukur, M., Purnamawati, H., Dharma, K., and Gunawan, E. (2012). “Collection and Identification of Indigenous Vegetables”. Pusat Kajian Hortikultura Tropika IPB. Bogor.
Tanzi, A.S., Eagleton, G.E., Ho, W.K., Wong, Q.N., Mayes, S., and Massawe, F. (2019). Winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.) for food and nutritional security: synthesis of past research and future direction. Planta. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00425-019-03141-2
Trustinah, A., Kasno., and Mudjiono. (2000). Adaptation and stability of the results of cowpea strains. Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan 19, 91-97.
Ulinnuha, Z. (2017). “Study of Tomato Ecophysiology Under Shade for Multiple Cropping System”. [Thesis]. Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor. Indonesia. Https://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/91231.
Vietmeyer, N. (2008). Underexploited tropical plants with promising economic value: The last 30 years. Trees for Life Journal 3, 1-13.
Weil, R.R., and Khalil, N.A. (1986). Salinity tolerance of winged bean as compared to that of soybean. Agronomy Journal 78, 67-70.
Wulandari, P.I.A, Purnamaningsih, S.L., and Kuswanto. (2017). Efforts to increase and pod yield on three winged bean genotypes (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus L.). Jurnal Produksi Pertanian 5, 1143-1152.
Yulianti, N., Santosa, E., and Susila, A.D. (2018). Production of fruits and leafy vegetables Solanum nigrum Linn under different shade levels. Journal of Tropical Crop Science 5, 64-72.
Ahmed, N., Razaq, M., Alam, H., and Salahudin. (2016). Response of French bean cultivar to plant spacing under agro-climatic condition of Baffa. Journal of Northeast Agricultural University 23, 16-19.
Anugroho, F., Kitou, M., Kinjo, K., and Kobashigawa, N. (2010). Growth and nutrient accumulation of winged bean and velvet bean as cover crops in a sub-tropical region. Plant Production Science 13, 360-366.
Barthes, B., Azontonde, A., Blanchart, E., Girardin, C., Villenave, C., Lesaint, S., Oliver, R., Mariotti, A., and Feller, C. (2004). Effect of a legume cover crop (Mucuna pruriens var. utilis) on soil carbon in an Ultisol under maize cultivation in southern Benin. Soil Use and Management 20, 231-239.
Boote, K.J. (1982). Growth stages of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Peanut Science 9, 35-40.
Enderyani, D. (2017). “Determination of Physiological Maturity and Physical Dormancy Breaking of Winged Bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus L. (DC)) Seed “. [Undergraduate Thesis]. Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor. Indonesia. https://repository.ipb.ac.id/.
Farhan, M. (2017). “Growth and Production of Shade Tolerant Tomato in Intercropping System with Long Beans”. [Undergraduate Thesis]. Bogor Agricultural Institute, Bogor. Indonesia. Https://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/83514
Gahara, E.D. (2015). “Flowering Phenology and Seed Physiology Maturation Determination of Winged Bean Plant (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus L)”. [Undergraduate Thesis]. Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor. Indonesia. https://repository.ipb.ac.id.
Handayani, T., Kusmana., and Hidayat, I.M. (2015). Morphological characterization and evaluation yield of winged bean pod (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus L.). Jurnal Hortikultura 25, 126-132.
Herlina, N., Hariyono, D., and Margawati, D.T. (2017). Effect of planting time of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var capitata) and Chili (Capsicum annum L.) on the efficiency of land use in the intercropping system. Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia 8, 111-119.
Khan, T.W. (1976). Papua New Guinea: A center of genetic diversity in winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.). Euphytica 25, 693-706.
Kitou, M., Anugroho, F., Yamashita, T., and Kobashigawa, N. (2010). Potential utilization of winged bean as a cover crop. Research for Tropical Agriculture 3, 1-5.
Krisnawati, A. (2010). Genetic diversity and potential of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus L.) in Indonesia. Jurnal Litbang Pertanian 29, 113-119.
Matior, M.R., Shamsudhin, Mohamad, W., and Wong, K.C. (1998). Nitrogen fixation and seed yield of winged bean under various supports systems. Malaysian Journal of Soil Science 2, 59-73.
Mohamadali, A., Madalageri, M.B., and Kulkarni, M.S. (2004). Performance studies in winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus L. (DC)) for green vegetable pod yield and its component characters. Karnataka Journal Agriculture Science 17, 755-760.
Mohanty, C.S., Verma, S., Singh, V., Khan, S., Gaur, P., Gupta, P., Nizar, M.A., Dikshit, N., Pattanayak, R., Shukla, A., Niranjan, A., Sahu, N., Behera, S.K., and Rana, T.S. (2013). Characterization of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.) based on molecular, chemical and physiological parameters. American Journal of Molecular Biology 3, 187-197.
Mucheru-Muna, M., Pypers, P., Mugendi, D., Kung’u, J., Mugwe, J., Merckx, R., and Vanlauwe, B. (2010). A staggered maize-legume intercrop arrangement robustly increases crop yields and economic returns in the highlands of Central Kenya. Field Crops Research 115, 132-139.
Njoku, D.N., Afuape, S.O., and Ebeniro, C.N. (2010). Growth and yield of cassava as influenced by grain cowpea population density in Southeastern Nigeria. African Journal of Agricultural Research 5, 2778-2781.
Poerwanto, R., and Susila, A.D. (2014). “Horticulture Technology”. IPB Press. Bogor, Indonesia.
Rizqiani, N.E., Ambarwati, E., and Yuwono, N.Y. (2007). Effect of level and application frequency of organic fertilizer solution on growth and yield of stringbean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) at lowland. Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan 7, 43-53.
Sabtadi, D., Waluyo, B., Ardiarini, N.R., and Kuswanto, K. (2016). Potential diversity of winged bean for food security and functional food. In “Indonesian Biodiversity and Its Role in Supporting National Independence and National Seminar on Biodiversity VI”. Hayati A, Winarni D, Purnobasuki H, Nimatuzahroh, Soedarti T, Kuncoro EP (Eds.). 3 Sept 2016. Department Biology, Universitas Airlangga. Pp 39-48. Surabaya, Indonesia.
Salako, F.K., and Tian, G. (2003). Soil water depletion under various leguminous cover crops in the derived savanna of West Africa. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment Journal 100, 173-180.
Santosa, E., Sugiyama, N., Nakata, M., and Lee, O.N. (2006). Growth and corm production of Amorphophallus at different shading level in Indonesia. Japanese Journal of Tropical Agriculture 50, 87-91.
Schiavinato, M.A., and Valio, I.F.M. (1996). Influence of staking on development of winged bean plants. Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology 8, 99-103.
Singh, S.K., Singh, S.J., and Reemi, D.N. (2013). The winged bean: A vegetable crop of amazing potential. Annals of Horticulture 6, 159-160.
Sinha, A.K. (2013). Reclamation of mining degraded land by introduction of some under exploited plants in Raniganj and Barjora coal field of West Bengal, India. Plant Sciences Feed 3, 109-116.
Soetiarso, T.A., and Setiawati, W. (2010). The technical and economic study of cropping systems two varieties of red pepper in the highlands. Jurnal Hortikultura 20, 284-298.
Sulistyowati, D., Chozin, M.A., Syukur, M., Melati, M., and Guntoro, D. (2016). Selection of shade-tolerant tomato genotypes. Journal of Applied Horticulture 18, 154-159.
Sumpena, U., Kusandriani, Y., and Lutfhi. (2013). Test the yield potency of nine prospective red bean strains in West Java. Jurnal Agrotropika 18, 12-15.
Sunaryanti, D.P. 2017. “Growth Analysis and Physiological Characters of Several Tomato Genotypes Under Low Light Intensity”. [Thesis]. Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor. Indonesia. Https://repository.ipb.ac.id.
Sundari, T., and Mutmaidah, S. (2018). Identify the suitability of soybean genotypes for intercropping with cassava. Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia 23, 29-37.
Susila, A.D., Syukur, M., Purnamawati, H., Dharma, K., and Gunawan, E. (2012). “Collection and Identification of Indigenous Vegetables”. Pusat Kajian Hortikultura Tropika IPB. Bogor.
Tanzi, A.S., Eagleton, G.E., Ho, W.K., Wong, Q.N., Mayes, S., and Massawe, F. (2019). Winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.) for food and nutritional security: synthesis of past research and future direction. Planta. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00425-019-03141-2
Trustinah, A., Kasno., and Mudjiono. (2000). Adaptation and stability of the results of cowpea strains. Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan 19, 91-97.
Ulinnuha, Z. (2017). “Study of Tomato Ecophysiology Under Shade for Multiple Cropping System”. [Thesis]. Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor. Indonesia. Https://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/91231.
Vietmeyer, N. (2008). Underexploited tropical plants with promising economic value: The last 30 years. Trees for Life Journal 3, 1-13.
Weil, R.R., and Khalil, N.A. (1986). Salinity tolerance of winged bean as compared to that of soybean. Agronomy Journal 78, 67-70.
Wulandari, P.I.A, Purnamaningsih, S.L., and Kuswanto. (2017). Efforts to increase and pod yield on three winged bean genotypes (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus L.). Jurnal Produksi Pertanian 5, 1143-1152.
Yulianti, N., Santosa, E., and Susila, A.D. (2018). Production of fruits and leafy vegetables Solanum nigrum Linn under different shade levels. Journal of Tropical Crop Science 5, 64-72.
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Published
2019-07-17
How to Cite
Maure, G. H., Chozin, M. A., & Santosa, E. (2019). The Effect of Population Density and Intercropping with Tomato on the Growth and Yield of Winged Bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus). Journal of Tropical Crop Science, 6(02), 81–88. https://doi.org/10.29244/jtcs.6.02.81-88
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