Determination of the Optimum Rate of N Fertilizers with Addition of Goat Manure for Production of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29244/jtcs.6.02.121-128Keywords:
inorganic, organic, legumes, yields, yield componentsAbstract
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) is one of the potential substitutes of soybean due to its similar nutritional content. This study aims to determine the optimum rate of N fertilizer for the production of cowpea, and to determine the effects of the interaction between N fertilizer rates and goat manure application on cowpea production. The experiment was organized in a split-plot with a complete randomized block design with three replications. The main plot was goat manure, i.e. 0 and 5 tons.ha-1; the sub-plot was nitrogen fertilizer with five rates (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200% of the recommended rate), i.e. 0, 22.5, 45, 67.5, and 90 kg N.ha-1. Application of N fertilizer reduced the 100-seed weight and slightly reduced cowpea yield and yield components. Application of goat manure increased seed dry weight per plant, number of pods per plant, dry pod weight per plant, seed dry weight per m2, productivity, 100-seed weight, and the harvest index. There was no significant interaction between goat manure and different rates of nitrogen in affecting cowpea growth.
References
Adisarwanto, T., Riwanodja., and Suhartina. (1998). "Budidaya Tanaman Kacang Tunggak. pp.73-83. Balitkabi. Malang. Indonesia
Amin, Z. (2007). The interaction of N (Urea)-P (SP-36) on the growth and yield of Madura maize on red yellow mediterranean land. Saintek: Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik dan Rekayasa 11, 7-13.
Budiyani, F.B., Suwartimah, K., and Sunaryo. (2012). The effect of adding nitrogen with different concentrations on the growth rate of seaweed Caulerpa racemosa var. uvifera. Journal of Marine Research 1, 10-18.
Chozin, M., Garner, J.O., and Watson, C.E. (2006). Inheritance of traits associated with drought resistance in cowpea. Indonesian Agricultural Science Journal 8, 1-5.
Dinariani, Suwasono, H., and Guritno, B. (2014). Study of addition of goat manure and different plant densities on growth and yield of sweet corn plants (Zea mays saccharata Sturt). Journal of Plant Production 2, 128-136.
Ferguson, B.J., Mens, C., Hastwell, A.H., Zhang, M., Su, H., Jones, C.H., Chu, X., and Gresshoff, P.M. (2018). Legume nodulation: The host controls the party. Plant Cell Environment 42, 41-51.
Gardner, F.P., Pearce, R.B., and Mitchell, R.L. (1991). "Cultivation Physiology" pp 263-275 (Translation by Herawati Susilo). University Indonesia Press.
Haliza, W., Purwani, E.Y., and Thahir, R. (2007). Utilization of local beans as a substitute for raw materials for tempeh and tofu. Center for postharvest agricultural research and development. Buletin Teknologi Pascapanen Pertanian 3, 1-8.
Hardjowigeno, S. (2010). “Ilmu Tanah”. 305 pp. Akademika Pressindo. Jakarta
Hartatik, W., Husnain., and Widowati, L.R. (2015). The role of organic fertilizer in increasing soil and plant productivity. Land Journal 9, 107-120.
Kamai, N., Gworgwor, N.A., and Sodangi, I.A. (2014). Morphological basis for yield differences among cow varieties in the Sudan Savanna Zone of Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science 7, 49-53.
Kasno, A., Trustinah., and Adisarwanto, T. (1991). Cowpea: plants that are easily cultivated, tolerant to drought and have the prospect of being an alternative to fulfilling the need for beans. Agricultural Research and Development News 13, 6-7.
Lestari, S.A.D., Melati, M., and Purnamawati, H. (2015). Determination of fertilizing doses of N, P, and K on bogor bean plants (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdcourt). Indonesian Agronomy Journal 43, 193-200.
Maschner, P. (2012). “Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants”. 651 pp. Academic Press Inc.
Mulyadi, A. (2012). Effect of administration of legin, NPK (15:15:15) and urea fertilizer on peat soils on N content, total shoot P and soybean root nodules (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Kaunia Jurnal Sains and Teknologi 8, 21-29.
Puspitasari. A., and Elfarisna. (2017). Respon pertumbuhan dan produksi kedelai varietas ‘Grobogan’ dengan penambahan pupuk organik cair dan pengurangan dosis pupuk anorganik pp. 204-212. Proceeding SEMNASTAN Muhammadiyah University, Indonesia. https://jurnal.umj.ac.id/index.php/semnastan/article/view/2276 [April 1, 2019].
Putra, A.D., Damanik, M.M.B., and Hanum, H. (2015). The application of urea and goat manure to increase N-total in inceptisol kwala bekala soil and its relation to the growth of corn (Zea mays L.). Jurnal Online Agroekoteknologi 3, 128-135.
Rahman, N.A., Larbi, A., Kotu, B., Tetteh, F.M., and Zeledon, I.H. (2018). Does nitrogen matter for Legumes? Nitrogen effects on biological and economic benefits of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) in Guinea and Sudan savanna of West Africa. Agronomy 8, 1-12.
Rahmianna, A.A., and Bel, M. (2001). Review the limiting factors for peanuts. Penelitian Palawija 5, 65-76.
Richana, N., and Damardjati, D.S. (1999). Physico-chemical characteristics of cowpea seeds (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) and their use for tempe. Food Crop Agriculture Research 18, 72-77.
Sayekti, R. S., Prajitno, D., and Toekidjo. (2011). "Characterization of eight accessions of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) from the Special Region of Yogyakarta". Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University.
Setyowati, M., and Sutoro. (2010). Evaluation of cowpea germplasm (Vigna unguiculata [L]. Walp) on acid soils. Germplasm Bulletin 16, 44-48.
Sugito, Y. (2012). "Ekologi Tumbuhan". 123 pp. Universitas Brawijaya Press.
Sulaeman., Suparto., and Eviati. (2005). "Technical Guidelines for Analysis of Soil, Plant, Water and Fertilizer Chemistry". 136 pp. Soil Research Center. Agricultural Research and Development Agency. Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture.
Zandroto, F.V. (2017). “Evaluation of Production of Several Cowpea Varieties (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) in the Lowlands”. Bogor Agricultural University. Bogor. Indonesia.
Amin, Z. (2007). The interaction of N (Urea)-P (SP-36) on the growth and yield of Madura maize on red yellow mediterranean land. Saintek: Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik dan Rekayasa 11, 7-13.
Budiyani, F.B., Suwartimah, K., and Sunaryo. (2012). The effect of adding nitrogen with different concentrations on the growth rate of seaweed Caulerpa racemosa var. uvifera. Journal of Marine Research 1, 10-18.
Chozin, M., Garner, J.O., and Watson, C.E. (2006). Inheritance of traits associated with drought resistance in cowpea. Indonesian Agricultural Science Journal 8, 1-5.
Dinariani, Suwasono, H., and Guritno, B. (2014). Study of addition of goat manure and different plant densities on growth and yield of sweet corn plants (Zea mays saccharata Sturt). Journal of Plant Production 2, 128-136.
Ferguson, B.J., Mens, C., Hastwell, A.H., Zhang, M., Su, H., Jones, C.H., Chu, X., and Gresshoff, P.M. (2018). Legume nodulation: The host controls the party. Plant Cell Environment 42, 41-51.
Gardner, F.P., Pearce, R.B., and Mitchell, R.L. (1991). "Cultivation Physiology" pp 263-275 (Translation by Herawati Susilo). University Indonesia Press.
Haliza, W., Purwani, E.Y., and Thahir, R. (2007). Utilization of local beans as a substitute for raw materials for tempeh and tofu. Center for postharvest agricultural research and development. Buletin Teknologi Pascapanen Pertanian 3, 1-8.
Hardjowigeno, S. (2010). “Ilmu Tanah”. 305 pp. Akademika Pressindo. Jakarta
Hartatik, W., Husnain., and Widowati, L.R. (2015). The role of organic fertilizer in increasing soil and plant productivity. Land Journal 9, 107-120.
Kamai, N., Gworgwor, N.A., and Sodangi, I.A. (2014). Morphological basis for yield differences among cow varieties in the Sudan Savanna Zone of Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science 7, 49-53.
Kasno, A., Trustinah., and Adisarwanto, T. (1991). Cowpea: plants that are easily cultivated, tolerant to drought and have the prospect of being an alternative to fulfilling the need for beans. Agricultural Research and Development News 13, 6-7.
Lestari, S.A.D., Melati, M., and Purnamawati, H. (2015). Determination of fertilizing doses of N, P, and K on bogor bean plants (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdcourt). Indonesian Agronomy Journal 43, 193-200.
Maschner, P. (2012). “Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants”. 651 pp. Academic Press Inc.
Mulyadi, A. (2012). Effect of administration of legin, NPK (15:15:15) and urea fertilizer on peat soils on N content, total shoot P and soybean root nodules (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Kaunia Jurnal Sains and Teknologi 8, 21-29.
Puspitasari. A., and Elfarisna. (2017). Respon pertumbuhan dan produksi kedelai varietas ‘Grobogan’ dengan penambahan pupuk organik cair dan pengurangan dosis pupuk anorganik pp. 204-212. Proceeding SEMNASTAN Muhammadiyah University, Indonesia. https://jurnal.umj.ac.id/index.php/semnastan/article/view/2276 [April 1, 2019].
Putra, A.D., Damanik, M.M.B., and Hanum, H. (2015). The application of urea and goat manure to increase N-total in inceptisol kwala bekala soil and its relation to the growth of corn (Zea mays L.). Jurnal Online Agroekoteknologi 3, 128-135.
Rahman, N.A., Larbi, A., Kotu, B., Tetteh, F.M., and Zeledon, I.H. (2018). Does nitrogen matter for Legumes? Nitrogen effects on biological and economic benefits of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) in Guinea and Sudan savanna of West Africa. Agronomy 8, 1-12.
Rahmianna, A.A., and Bel, M. (2001). Review the limiting factors for peanuts. Penelitian Palawija 5, 65-76.
Richana, N., and Damardjati, D.S. (1999). Physico-chemical characteristics of cowpea seeds (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) and their use for tempe. Food Crop Agriculture Research 18, 72-77.
Sayekti, R. S., Prajitno, D., and Toekidjo. (2011). "Characterization of eight accessions of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) from the Special Region of Yogyakarta". Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University.
Setyowati, M., and Sutoro. (2010). Evaluation of cowpea germplasm (Vigna unguiculata [L]. Walp) on acid soils. Germplasm Bulletin 16, 44-48.
Sugito, Y. (2012). "Ekologi Tumbuhan". 123 pp. Universitas Brawijaya Press.
Sulaeman., Suparto., and Eviati. (2005). "Technical Guidelines for Analysis of Soil, Plant, Water and Fertilizer Chemistry". 136 pp. Soil Research Center. Agricultural Research and Development Agency. Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture.
Zandroto, F.V. (2017). “Evaluation of Production of Several Cowpea Varieties (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) in the Lowlands”. Bogor Agricultural University. Bogor. Indonesia.
Downloads
Published
2019-07-17
How to Cite
Liana, D., Purnamawati, H., Melati, M., & Wahyu, Y. (2019). Determination of the Optimum Rate of N Fertilizers with Addition of Goat Manure for Production of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp). Journal of Tropical Crop Science, 6(02), 121–128. https://doi.org/10.29244/jtcs.6.02.121-128
Issue
Section
Articles
License
All publications by Journal of Tropical Crop Science is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
