In Vitro Polyploidy Induction of Patchouli (Pogostemon Cablin Benth.) by Colchicine
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29244/jtcs.7.01.37-44Keywords:
colchicine, chromosome, patchouli, Sidikalang, trichomeAbstract
Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.; 2n = 32) is an aromatic herbaceous plant commonly cultivated for use in the the fragrance industry. As patchouli is propagated by cuttings polyploidization induction by colchicine treatment was conducted to obtain a new genotype with high patchouli alcohol content. This research aimed to increase patchouli genetic diversity with colchicine treatment by the formation of a polyploid plant. Axillary buds from single node cutting of aseptic plantlets were used as the explants. The experiment was arranged using a factorial completely randomized design with two factors, namely the concentration of colchicine and the immersion duration. Genetic diversity of patchouli was successfully enhanced by adjusting the colchicine concentration and immersion treatment. lethal concentration (LC) of 50% in patchouli was 0.132% and the LC 50% for soaking time was 60.16 hours. The number of chloroplasts, stomatal length and chromosome number increased with increasing ploidy, whereas stomatal density and the number of trichomes decreased. The chromosome number of 16 patchouli mutants in generation 4 was still unstable, and a chimera was found with mixoploidy between 20-80. A hierarchical dendogram clustered 16 patchouli mutants into four different groups.
References
Chang, Y.Y., Ji, X., Zhu, J.L. and Hao, Y. (2014). Polyploidy induction of mutation by using colchicine on tube seedlings of Victoria grape. Acta Horticulturae 1046, 265–270.
Croteau, R., Munck, S.L., Akoh, C.C., Fisk, H.J., and Satterwhite, D.M. (1987). Biosynthesis of the sesquiterpene patchoulol from farnesyl pyrophosphate in leaf extracts of Pogostemon cablin (patchouli): mechanistic considerations. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 256, 56–68.
Gantait, S., Mandal, N., Bhattacharyya, S., and Das, P.K. (2011). Induction and identification of tetraploids using in vitro colchicine treatment of Gerbera jamesonii Bolus cv. Sciella. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 106, 485–493.
Hamill, S.D., Smith, M.K. and Dodd, W.A. (1992). In vitro induction of banana autotetraploids
by colchicine treatment of micropropagated diploids. Australian Journal of Botany 40, 887– 896.
Jos, B. (2004). Ekstraksi minyak nilam dengan pelarut N-heksana. Reaktor 8, 94–99.
Kangarasu, S., Ganeshram, S. and Joel., A. J. (2014). Determination of lethal dose for gamma rays and ethyl methane sulphonate induced mutagenesis in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.). International Journal of Scientific Research 3, 3–6.
Kimball, J.W. (1994). “Biology” 5th edition. Addison Weasley Publishing Company, Pennsylvania, USA.
Lawrence, B.M. (2008). A preliminary report on the world production of some selected essential oils and countries. Perfumer and Flavorist 34, 38–39.
Li, C.G., Wu, Y.G., and Guo, Q.S. (2011). Floral and pollen morphology of Pogostemon cablin (Lamiaceae) from different habitats and its taxonomic significances. Procedia Engineering 18, 295–300.
Löve, A. (1984) Chromosome number reports LXXXV. Taxon 33, 756-760. https://www.jstor. org/stable/1220810 [January 10, 2020].
Nugroho, Y.A. (2015). “Induksi poliploid dengan Kolkisin pada Tanaman Anggrek Dendrobium lasianthera (J.J. Smith) secara In Vitro”. [Thesis]. Bogor Agricultural University.
Eigsti. O.J. (1938). A cytological study of colchicine effects in the induction of polyploidy in plants. Botany 24, 56–63.
Padoan, D., Mossad, A., Chiancone, B., Germana, M.A., and Khan, P.S.S.V. (2013). Identification of citrus polyploids using chromosome counts, morphological and SSR markers. Theoritical and Experimental Plant Physiology 25, 283– 290.
Perwati, L.K. (2012). Analisis derajat ploidi dan pengaruhnya terhadap variasi ukuran stomata dan spora pada Adiantum raddianum. Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi 11, 39-44.
Ramya, H.G., Palanimuthu, V. and Rachna, S. (2013). An introduction to patchouli (Pogostemon Benth.) - a medicinal and aromatic plant: its importance to mankind. Agricultural Engineering
International CIGR Journal 15, 243–250.
Rodiansah, A. (2007). “Induksi Mutasi Kromosom dengan Kolkisin pada Tanaman Stevia (Stevia
rebaudiana bertoni ) Klon Program Studi Hortikultura”. [Thesis]. Bogor Agricultural University.
Roychowdhury, R., Sultana, P., and Tah, J. (2011). Morphological architecture of foliar stomata in M 2
Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) genotypes using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding 2, 583–588.
Sajjad, Y., Jaskani, M.J., Mehmood, A., Ahmad, I., and Abbas, H. (2013). Effect of colchicine on in vitro
polyploidy induction in African marigold (Tagetes erecta). Pakistan Journal of Botany 45,
1255–1258.
Sinta, M.M. (2018). “Induksi Mutasi Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bert) Klon BS dengan Kolkisin untuk
Meningkatan Kandungan Steviosida dan Rebaudiosida”. [Thesis]. Bogor Agricultural
University.
Suminah. (2002). Polyploid induction of Allium ascalonicum L. by colchicine. Biodiversitas, Journal of
Biological Diversity 3, 174–180.
Sundaresan, V., S.P. Singh, M. Singh, A.K. Shasany, M.P. Darokar, et al. (2009). Composition and
comparison of essential oils of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. (Patchouli) and Pogostemon
travancoricus Bedd. var. travancoricus. Journal of Essential Oil Research 21, 220–222.
Van Beek, T.A., and Joulain, D. (2018). The essential oil of patchouli, Pogostemon cablin: A review.
Flavour and Fragrance Journal 33, 6–51.
Yan, H.J., Y. Xiong, H.Y. Zhang, and M.L. He. (2016). In vitro induction and morphological
characteristics of octoploid plants in Pogostemon cablin. Breeding Science 66, 169–174.
Zhou, H. W., Zeng, W.D., and Yan, H.B. (2017). In vitro induction of tetraploids in cassava variety
‘Xinxuan 048’ using colchicine. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 128, 723–729.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
All publications by Journal of Tropical Crop Science is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
