Fruit Scar Incidence and Its Effect on Guava ‘Kristal’ Fruit Quality (Psidium guajava L.) at Low- and Middle-altitude Orchards in Bogor, Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29244/jtcs.8.02.101-109Keywords:
altitude, fruit damage, mites, thrips, total soluble solid, titratable acidity, vitamin CAbstract
Information on scar incidence and its effect on fruit quality of ‘Kristal’ guava (Psidium guajava L.) grown on different altitudes is currently limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the fruit scar incidence and fruit quality of 'Kristal' guava var. grown on low- and middle-altitude orchards. The research was conducted by collecting 50 samples of fruit harvested from each orchard from January to June 2019. Fruit quality evaluation was carried out at Postharvest Laboratory, Department of the Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University, whereas scarring pest observation was conducted at Insect Biosystematics Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, IPB University. Our results showed that the low-altitude orchard produced more fruits with medium, high, and very high scar intensity, while the middle-altitude orchard produced more fruits with low and very low scar intensity. Fruit scar was caused by fruit scarring pests, especially thrips and mites. Fruit tissue damage only occurred on the epidermis of fruit pericarps where the tissue turned brownish and thickened. Additionally, there was no expansion of the damage into the pulp. The peel damage did not affect the fruit taste as indicated in the level of total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), TSS/TA ratio, vitamin C, and total flavonoids content. Fruit external quality was varied in response to altitude, where middle-altitude orchard produced a heavier, a bigger and a lower fruit softness than low-altitude ones. Present findings could be the baseline information for determine the best growth site and adjustment of pest control to maintain fruit quality.
References
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Childers, C.C., and Rodrigues, J.C.V. (2011). An overview of Brevipalpus mites (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) and the plant viruses they transmit. Zoosymposia 6, 180–192.
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Hartati, R., Nadifan, H.I., and Fidrianny, I. (2020). Crystal guava (Psidium guajava L. ‘Crystal’): evaluation of in vitro antioxidant capacities and phytochemical content. The Scientific World Journal 2020, 1-7. DOI: 10.1155/2020/9413727
Haseeb, M. (2007). Current status of insect pest problems in guava. Acta Horticulturae 735, 453-467. DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.735.63
Hoy, M.A. (2011). “Agricultural Acarology: Introduction to Integrated Mite Management”. CRC Press. Florida. New York.
Jain, N., Dhawan, K., Malhotra, S., and Singh, R. (2003). Biochemistry of fruit ripening of guava (Psidium guajava L.): compositional and enzymatic changes. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 58, 309-315.
Kaus, P., and Zalom, F.G. (2017). Effect of temperature on the development of Tetranychus urticae and Eotetranychus lewisi on strawberry. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 5, 441-444.
[Kementan] Kementerian Pertanian. (2014). “Pendekatan Dinamika Sistem dalam Peningkatan Daya Saing Komoditas Hortikultura”. Kementerian Pertanian, Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan. IAARD. Jakarta
Laranjeira, F.F., Silva, S.X.B., Andrade, E.C., Almeida, D.O., Silva, T.S.M., Soares, A.C.F., and Freitas-Astua, J. (2015). Infestation dynamics of Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) in citrus orchards as affected by edaphic and climatic variables. Experimental and Applied Acarology 66, 1-18. DOI: 10.1007/s10493-015-9921-4.
Liang, N.N., Zhu, B.Q., Han, S., Wang, J.H., Pan, Q.H., and Reeves, M.J. (2014). Regional characteristics of anthocyanin and flavonol compounds from grapes of four Vitis vinifera varieties in five wine regions of China. Food Research International 64, 264–274. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.06.048.
Lin-Wang, K., Micheletti, D., Palmer, J., Volz, R., Lozano, L., Espley, R., Hellens, R.P., Chagne, D., Rowan, D.D., Troggio, M., Iglesias, I., and Allan, A.C. (2011). High temperature reduces apple fruit colour via modulation of the anthocyanin regulatory complex. Plant, Cell and Environment 34, 1176–1190. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02316.x.
Liu, Z., Donga, B., Liu, C., Zong, Y., Shao, Y., Liu, B., and Yue, H. (2020). Variation of anthocyanin content in fruits of wild and cultivated Lycium ruthenicum. Industrial Crops and Products 146, 1-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112208.
Meena, N.K., Rampal, Barman, D., and Medhi, R.P. (2013). Biology and seasonal abundance of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, on orchids and rose. Phytoparasitica 41, 597–609. DOI:10.1007/s12600-013-0320-2
Musyarofah, N., Susanto, S., Aziz, S.A., Suketi, K., and Dadang. (2020). The diversity of ‘Kristal’ guava (Psidium guajava) fruit quality in response to different altitudes and cultural practices. Biodiversitas 21, 3310-3316. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210755.
Parra-Coronado, A., Fischer, G., and Camacho-Tamayo, J. (2018). Post-harvest quality of pineapple guava [Acca sellowiana (O. Berg) Burret] fruits produced in two locations at different altitudes in Cundinamarca, Colombia. Agronomía Colombiana 36, 68-78. 10.15446/agron.colomb.v36n1.68577.
Pratidina, R., Syamsun, M., and Wijaya, N.H. (2015). Analisis pengendalian mutu jambu biji kristal dengan metode six sigma di ADC IPB-ICDF Taiwan Bogor. Jurnal Manajemen dan Organisasi 7, 1-18.
Rahman, N., Ofika, M., and Said, I. (2015). Analisis kadar vitamin C mangga gadung (Mangifera sp.) dan mangga golek (Mangifera indica L.) berdasarkan tingkat kematangan menggunakan metode iodimetri. Jurnal Akademika Kimia 4, 33-37.
Reyes, C.P., Cayabyab, B.F., and Copuyoc, M.A.M. (2020). Abundance and diversity of Thrips (Insecta: Thysanoptera) in conventional “Carabao” mango orchard in Piat, Cagayan, Philippines. Philippine Journal of Science 149, 1019-1028.
Romalasari, A., Susanto, S., Melati, M., and Junaedi. A. (2017). Perbaikan kualitas buah jambu biji (Psidium guajava L.) kultivar Kristal dengan berbagai warna dan bahan pemberongsong. Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia 8, 155-161.
Sadler, G.D. and Murphy, P.A. (2010). pH and Titratable Acidity In: “Food Analysis” (Nielsen S.S., ed.). 4th ed. pp 219-238. Springer. New York. USA.
Sartiami, D. (2008). Kunci identifikasi Ordo Thysanopthera pada tanaman pangan dan hortikultura. Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia 13, 103-110.
Sarwar, M. (2006). Occurrence of insect pest on guava (Psidium guajava) tree. Pakistan Journal of Zoology 38, 197-200.
Sims, D.A. and Gamon, J.A. (2002). Relationships between leaf pigment content and spectral reflectance across a wide range of species, leaf structures and developmental stages. Remote Sensing of Environment 81, 337–354. DOI: 10.1016/S0034-4257(02)00010-X.
Steiner, Y.M., Spohr, L.J., and Goodwin, S. (2011). Relative humidity controls pupation success and dropping behaviour of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Australian Journal of Entomology 50, 179-186. DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-6055.2020.00798.x
Susanto, S., Rahayu, A., Sukma, D., and Dewi, I.S. (2011). Karakter morfologi dan kimia 18 kultivar pamelo (Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.) berbiji dan tanpa biji. Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia 16, 43-48.
Susanto, S., Melati, M., and Aziz, S.A. (2019). Pruning to improve flowering and fruiting of ‘Crystal’ guava. AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science 41, 48 -54.
Widyastuti, R.A.D. (2019). Pengaturan dan peningkatan pembungaan untuk produksi buah jambu biji (Psidium guajava L.) ‘kristal’ di luar musim. [Thesis]. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor.
[Balitbu] Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah Tropika. (2009). “Budidaya Jambu Biji”. http://hortikultura.litbang.pertanian.go.id/downloads/budidayajambubiji.pdf. [November 18, 2018].
[BMKG] Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika. (2019). “Data Cuaca Januari 2018 - Juni 2019”. Stasiun Klimatologi Bogor, Bogor. Indonesia.
Budiarto, R., Poerwanto, R., Santosa, E., and Agusta, A. (2019). Agronomical and physiological characters of kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix DC) seedling under artificial shading and pruning. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture 31, 222-230. DOI: 10.9755/ejfa.2019.v31.i3.1920.
Childers, C.C., and Rodrigues, J.C.V. (2011). An overview of Brevipalpus mites (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) and the plant viruses they transmit. Zoosymposia 6, 180–192.
Dina, W.M. and Santoso, S. (2017). Identifikasi tungau hama pada tanaman pepaya di Pulau Lombok. Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia 14, 37-43.
[Ditbenih] Direktorat Perbenihan Hortikultura. (2007). “Deskripsi Jambu Biji Varietas Kristal”. varitas.net/dbvarietas/deskripsi/3136.pdf. [November 15, 2018].
Do, Q.D., Angkawijaya, A.E., Tran-Nguyen, P.L., Huynh, L.H., Soetaredjo, F.E., Ismadji, S., and Ju, Y.H. (2014). Effect of extraction solvent on total phenol content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of Limnophila aromatica. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis 22, 296-302. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2013.11.001.
Dolkar, D., Bakshi, P., Gupta, M., Wali, V.K., Kumar, R., Hazarika, T.K., and Kher, D. (2017). Biochemical changes in guava (Psidium guajava) fruits during different stages of ripening. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 87, 257-260.
Feng, C., Feng, C., Lin, X., Liu, S., Li, Y., and Kang, M. (2021) A chromosome-level genome assembly provides insights into ascorbic acid accumulation and fruit softening in guava (Psidium guajava). Plant Biotechnology Journal 19, 717–730. DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13498
Fardedi. (2012). Gejala burik pada buah manggis: asosiasi trips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) dengan bunga dan buah manggis (Garcinia mangostana). [Thesis]. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor.
Ganaha-Kikumura, T., and Kijima, K. (2016). Effects of temperature on the development and fecundity of Thrips nigropilosus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on Chrysanthemum morifolium (Asterales: Asteraceae). Applied Entomology and Zoology 51, 623-629. DOI: 10.1007/s13355-016-0439-y
Ghoshal, S., Barman, S., and Saha M. (2011). Seasonal abundance and feeding efficiency of the false spider mite Tenuipalpus pernicis (Chaudhri, Akbar and Rasool) on guava (Psidium guajava). Acarina 19, 265–269
Guerrero-Chavez, G., Scampicchio, M., and Andreotti, C. (2015). Influence of the site altitude on strawberry phenolic composition and quality. Scientia Horticulturae 192, 21–28. DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2015.05.017
Guntarti, A. and Hutami, E.N. (2019). Validation and vitamin C testing in crystal guava (Psidium guajava L.) with variations of origin with the HPLC method. International Journal of Chemistry 11: 52-29. DOI: 10.5539/ijc.v11n1p52.
Hartati, R., Nadifan, H.I., and Fidrianny, I. (2020). Crystal guava (Psidium guajava L. ‘Crystal’): evaluation of in vitro antioxidant capacities and phytochemical content. The Scientific World Journal 2020, 1-7. DOI: 10.1155/2020/9413727
Haseeb, M. (2007). Current status of insect pest problems in guava. Acta Horticulturae 735, 453-467. DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.735.63
Hoy, M.A. (2011). “Agricultural Acarology: Introduction to Integrated Mite Management”. CRC Press. Florida. New York.
Jain, N., Dhawan, K., Malhotra, S., and Singh, R. (2003). Biochemistry of fruit ripening of guava (Psidium guajava L.): compositional and enzymatic changes. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 58, 309-315.
Kaus, P., and Zalom, F.G. (2017). Effect of temperature on the development of Tetranychus urticae and Eotetranychus lewisi on strawberry. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 5, 441-444.
[Kementan] Kementerian Pertanian. (2014). “Pendekatan Dinamika Sistem dalam Peningkatan Daya Saing Komoditas Hortikultura”. Kementerian Pertanian, Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan. IAARD. Jakarta
Laranjeira, F.F., Silva, S.X.B., Andrade, E.C., Almeida, D.O., Silva, T.S.M., Soares, A.C.F., and Freitas-Astua, J. (2015). Infestation dynamics of Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) in citrus orchards as affected by edaphic and climatic variables. Experimental and Applied Acarology 66, 1-18. DOI: 10.1007/s10493-015-9921-4.
Liang, N.N., Zhu, B.Q., Han, S., Wang, J.H., Pan, Q.H., and Reeves, M.J. (2014). Regional characteristics of anthocyanin and flavonol compounds from grapes of four Vitis vinifera varieties in five wine regions of China. Food Research International 64, 264–274. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.06.048.
Lin-Wang, K., Micheletti, D., Palmer, J., Volz, R., Lozano, L., Espley, R., Hellens, R.P., Chagne, D., Rowan, D.D., Troggio, M., Iglesias, I., and Allan, A.C. (2011). High temperature reduces apple fruit colour via modulation of the anthocyanin regulatory complex. Plant, Cell and Environment 34, 1176–1190. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02316.x.
Liu, Z., Donga, B., Liu, C., Zong, Y., Shao, Y., Liu, B., and Yue, H. (2020). Variation of anthocyanin content in fruits of wild and cultivated Lycium ruthenicum. Industrial Crops and Products 146, 1-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112208.
Meena, N.K., Rampal, Barman, D., and Medhi, R.P. (2013). Biology and seasonal abundance of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, on orchids and rose. Phytoparasitica 41, 597–609. DOI:10.1007/s12600-013-0320-2
Musyarofah, N., Susanto, S., Aziz, S.A., Suketi, K., and Dadang. (2020). The diversity of ‘Kristal’ guava (Psidium guajava) fruit quality in response to different altitudes and cultural practices. Biodiversitas 21, 3310-3316. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210755.
Parra-Coronado, A., Fischer, G., and Camacho-Tamayo, J. (2018). Post-harvest quality of pineapple guava [Acca sellowiana (O. Berg) Burret] fruits produced in two locations at different altitudes in Cundinamarca, Colombia. Agronomía Colombiana 36, 68-78. 10.15446/agron.colomb.v36n1.68577.
Pratidina, R., Syamsun, M., and Wijaya, N.H. (2015). Analisis pengendalian mutu jambu biji kristal dengan metode six sigma di ADC IPB-ICDF Taiwan Bogor. Jurnal Manajemen dan Organisasi 7, 1-18.
Rahman, N., Ofika, M., and Said, I. (2015). Analisis kadar vitamin C mangga gadung (Mangifera sp.) dan mangga golek (Mangifera indica L.) berdasarkan tingkat kematangan menggunakan metode iodimetri. Jurnal Akademika Kimia 4, 33-37.
Reyes, C.P., Cayabyab, B.F., and Copuyoc, M.A.M. (2020). Abundance and diversity of Thrips (Insecta: Thysanoptera) in conventional “Carabao” mango orchard in Piat, Cagayan, Philippines. Philippine Journal of Science 149, 1019-1028.
Romalasari, A., Susanto, S., Melati, M., and Junaedi. A. (2017). Perbaikan kualitas buah jambu biji (Psidium guajava L.) kultivar Kristal dengan berbagai warna dan bahan pemberongsong. Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia 8, 155-161.
Sadler, G.D. and Murphy, P.A. (2010). pH and Titratable Acidity In: “Food Analysis” (Nielsen S.S., ed.). 4th ed. pp 219-238. Springer. New York. USA.
Sartiami, D. (2008). Kunci identifikasi Ordo Thysanopthera pada tanaman pangan dan hortikultura. Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia 13, 103-110.
Sarwar, M. (2006). Occurrence of insect pest on guava (Psidium guajava) tree. Pakistan Journal of Zoology 38, 197-200.
Sims, D.A. and Gamon, J.A. (2002). Relationships between leaf pigment content and spectral reflectance across a wide range of species, leaf structures and developmental stages. Remote Sensing of Environment 81, 337–354. DOI: 10.1016/S0034-4257(02)00010-X.
Steiner, Y.M., Spohr, L.J., and Goodwin, S. (2011). Relative humidity controls pupation success and dropping behaviour of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Australian Journal of Entomology 50, 179-186. DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-6055.2020.00798.x
Susanto, S., Rahayu, A., Sukma, D., and Dewi, I.S. (2011). Karakter morfologi dan kimia 18 kultivar pamelo (Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.) berbiji dan tanpa biji. Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia 16, 43-48.
Susanto, S., Melati, M., and Aziz, S.A. (2019). Pruning to improve flowering and fruiting of ‘Crystal’ guava. AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science 41, 48 -54.
Widyastuti, R.A.D. (2019). Pengaturan dan peningkatan pembungaan untuk produksi buah jambu biji (Psidium guajava L.) ‘kristal’ di luar musim. [Thesis]. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor.
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Published
2021-07-04
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Musyarofah, N., Susanto, S., Aziz, S. A., Suketi, K., & Dadang, D. (2021). Fruit Scar Incidence and Its Effect on Guava ‘Kristal’ Fruit Quality (Psidium guajava L.) at Low- and Middle-altitude Orchards in Bogor, Indonesia. Journal of Tropical Crop Science, 8(02), 101–109. https://doi.org/10.29244/jtcs.8.02.101-109
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