Effects of Gibberellic Acid (GA3) Application on The Plant Growth and Seed Production of Pinto Peanut (Arachis pintoi Krap & Greg)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29244/jtcs.10.1.27-37Keywords:
dormancy, gibberellin acid, growth regulators, KNO3, legume cover cropAbstract
Pinto peanut (Arachis pintoi Krap & Greg.) is a legume that is usually used as a cover crop, bio mulch in fruit and vegetable plantations, ornamental plants, and animal feed. Pinto peanut has many benefits; through the symbiosis with rhizobacteria they can fix nitrogen, as ground cover can reduce the risk of landslides, inhibit weed growths, and is a source of nectar for bees. Arahcnis pintoi can be propagated vegetatively or generatively, but generative propagation is hard to conduct in the tropics because it takes a long time for the plants to produce seeds. Our study was conducted to determine the effect of GA3 application on seed production of A. pintoi. The experiment was arranged in a single factor randomized complete block design with GA3 concentration of 0, 75, 150, 225, and 300 ppm. An orthogonal polynomial test was conducted to determine the effective concentrations for GA3 on seed formation and seed viability. Harvested seeds were stored for 1 month, then sown on sand medium; the seeds were soaked in 1% KNO3 solution to break seed dormancy prior. Our study showed that the GA3 effective concentration range from 130.69 ppm to 137.16 ppm, indicated by the increase the number of flowers at 105, 120, 135, and 150 DAT up to 28.59% compared to control. GA3 at 126.80 ppm can also increase the number of harvested pods by 18.16%. The effect of GA3 on vegetative growth was shown by the increase in the growth of new individual plants concentration, i.e. 53.25 new individual plant with GA3 application of 141.88 ppm.
References
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Arifin, Z., Yudono, P., and Toekidjo. (2014). Pengaruh konsentrasi GA3 terhadap pembungaan dan kualitas benih cabai merah keriting (Capsicum annum L). Vegetalika 4,128-140. doi:10.22146/veg.1604.
Azizi, K.H., Moradii, J., Heidari, S., Khalili, A., and Felzian, M. (2012). Effect of different concentrations of gibberellic acid on seed yield and yield components of soybean genotypes in summer intercropping. International Journal of Agriculture 4, 291-300
Baskin, C.C., and Baskin, J.M. (2014). “Seeds : Ecology, Biogeography, and Evolution of Dormancy and Germination”. 2nd ed. Academic Press. San Diego
Begum, A.J., Jerlin, R., and Jayanthi, M. (2013). Seed quality changes during storage of oil seeds-A Review. International Journal of Science Research 10, 1-2.
Candra, R.A., Lahay, R.R., and Sitepu, F.E.T. (2017). Pengaruh perendaman beberapa konsentrasi potassium nitrat (KNO3) dan air kelapa terhadap viabilitas biji delima (Punica granatum L.). Jurnal Online Agroekoteknologi 3, 700-706.
Carvalho, M.A., and Quesenberry, K.H. (2012). Agronomic evaluation of Arachis pintoi (Karp. & Greg.) germplasm in Florida. Journal Archivos de Zootecnia 233, 19-29.
Chen, G., Yan, W., Liu, Y., Wei, Y., Zhou, M., Zheng, Y.L., and Liu, C. (2014). The non-gibberellic acid-responsive semi-dwarfing gene uzu affects Fusarium crown rot resistance in barley. BMC Plant Biology 1, 1-8.
Christian, J.R., Rasyad, A., and Nurhidayah, T. (2016). Perkembangaan biji dan komponen hasil tiga verietas kedelai (Glicyne max (L) Merrill) dengan pemberian giberelin. Jurnal Agrotek Tropika 1, 13-20.
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Gashti, A.H., Vishekaei, M.N.S., and Hosseinzadeh, M.H. (2012). Effect of potassium and calcium application on yield, yield components and qualitative characteristics of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Guilan Province, Iran. World Applied Science Journal 4, 540–546.
Hartawan, R. (2016). Skarifikasi dan KNO3 mematahkan dormansi serta meningkatkan viabilitas dan vigor benih aren (Arenga pinnata Merr.) Jurnal Media Pertanian 1, 1-10.
Hidayat, E.A., and Wardiyati, T. (2019). Respon pertumbuhan tiga varietas kacang tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.) terhadap beberapa perlakuan pematahan dormansi. Jurnal Produksi Tanaman 12, 2286–2293.
Irwan, A.W., Wahyudin, A., and Sunarto, T. (2019). Respons kedelai akibat jarak tanam dan konsentrasi giberelin pada tanah inceptisol Jatinangor. Kultivasi 2, 924-932. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/kultivasi.v18i2.22232.
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Kurniawati, N., and Martono, E. (2015). Peran tumbuhan berbunga sebagai media konservasi Arthropoda musuh alami. Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia 2, 53–59. DOI:10.22146/jpti.16615.
Leksono, A.S., and Yanuwiadi, B. (2013). Efek blok refugia (Ageratum conyzoides, Ageratum houstonianum, Commelina diffusa) terhadap pola kunjungan Arthropoda di Perkebunan Apel Desa Poncokusumo, Malang. Jurnal Biotropika 4, 134–138.
Neef, A., Schultze-Kraft, R., Sampet, C., Saepueng, W., and Suriyong, S. (2004). Seed production potential and participatory vegetative propagation of Arachis pintoi in different environments in northern Thailand. In “Conserving Soil and Water for Society: Sharing solutions” pp 4-8. 13th International Soil Conservation Organization Conference, Brisbane.
Pronaningrum, M. (2016). Efektivitas jenis bahan perbanyakan kacang hias (Arachis pintoi Krap. & Greg.) terhadap laju penutupan tanah. [Thesis]. IPB University. Bogor.
Putra, W.H. (2012). Pengaruh giberelin acid (GA3) terhadap pembungaan dan hasil benih beberapa varietas bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum). [Thesis]. Universitas Sebelas Maret. Surakarta.
Ramaiah, M., Jain, A., and Raghothama, K.G. (2014). Ethylene response factor regulates root development and phosphate starvation-mediated responses. Plant Physiology 3, 1484-1498. doi:10.1104/pp.113.231183.
Rahmianna, A.A., Taufiq, A., and Yusnawan, E. (2007). Hasil polong dan kualitas biji kacang tanah pada tanah dengan kadar air dan umur panen berbeda. Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan 3, 206-211.
Salisbury, F.B., and Ross, C.W. (1995). “Fisiologi Tumbuhan III”. Institut Teknologi Bandung. Bandung.
Sanchez, J.M.D., Vendramini, J., Silveira, M.L., Dubeux Jr., J.C.B., Sollenberger, L.E., and Moriel, P. (2020). Pintoi peanut: a seed-propagated perennial peanut forage option for Floria. UF/IFAS Publication # SS-AGR-445. DOI: doi.org/10.32473/edis-ag445-2020
Simbolon, T.M. (2018). “Efektivitas Penggunaan Beberapa Jenis Alas dan Sifat Fisik Tanah pada Pertumbuhan Kacang Hias (Arachis Pintoi Krap. & Greg)”. [Thesis]. IPB University. Bogor.
Sumiahadi, A. (2014). Keefektifan biomulsa Arachis pintoi Karp. & Greg. untuk konservasi tanah dan pengendalian gulma pada pertanaman jagung di lahan kering. [Thesis]. IPB University. Bogor.
Tiwari, D.K., Pandey, P., Giri, S.P., and Dwivedi, J.L. (2011). Effect of GA3 and other plant growth regulators on hybrid rice seed production. Asian Journal of Plant Science 1, 1-7. doi:10.3923/ajps.2011.133.139.
Wicks, T., Walker, G., Pederick, S., and Anstis, S. (2011). Onion stunting in South Australia associated with Rhizoctonia solani AG 8. Australian Plant Pathologist 2, 126–132. DOI:10.1007/s13313-010-0021-y.
Widajati, E., Murniati, E., and Palupi, E.R., Kartika, T., Suhartanto, M.R., and Qadir, A. (2013). “Dasar Ilmu dan Teknologi Benih”. IPB Press. Bogor.
Yasmin, S., Wardiyati, T., and Koesriharti. (2014). Pengaruh perbedaan waktu aplikasi dan konsentrasi giberelin (GA3) terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman cabai besar (Capsicum annum L.). Jurnal Produksi Tanaman 5, 395–403.
Yennita, Y. (2014). Pengaruh gibberellic acid (GA3) terhadap kacang tanah (Arachis hypogea L) pada fase generatif. Proceeding Biology Education Conference: Biology, Science, Enviromental, and Learning 1, 93-97.
[BMKG] Badan Meterologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika. 2021. “Data Iklim Wilayah Pacet Bulan Agustus 2020-Februari 2021”. Stasiun Klimatologi Dramaga, Bogor.
Aminah, A.G., Khairuddin, and Kadir, M.Y.A. (1994). Effect planting material and harvesting time on seed production of Arachis pintoi in Malaysia. Proceeding of Forage Regional Working Group of South East Asia.
Arifin, Z., Yudono, P., and Toekidjo. (2014). Pengaruh konsentrasi GA3 terhadap pembungaan dan kualitas benih cabai merah keriting (Capsicum annum L). Vegetalika 4,128-140. doi:10.22146/veg.1604.
Azizi, K.H., Moradii, J., Heidari, S., Khalili, A., and Felzian, M. (2012). Effect of different concentrations of gibberellic acid on seed yield and yield components of soybean genotypes in summer intercropping. International Journal of Agriculture 4, 291-300
Baskin, C.C., and Baskin, J.M. (2014). “Seeds : Ecology, Biogeography, and Evolution of Dormancy and Germination”. 2nd ed. Academic Press. San Diego
Begum, A.J., Jerlin, R., and Jayanthi, M. (2013). Seed quality changes during storage of oil seeds-A Review. International Journal of Science Research 10, 1-2.
Candra, R.A., Lahay, R.R., and Sitepu, F.E.T. (2017). Pengaruh perendaman beberapa konsentrasi potassium nitrat (KNO3) dan air kelapa terhadap viabilitas biji delima (Punica granatum L.). Jurnal Online Agroekoteknologi 3, 700-706.
Carvalho, M.A., and Quesenberry, K.H. (2012). Agronomic evaluation of Arachis pintoi (Karp. & Greg.) germplasm in Florida. Journal Archivos de Zootecnia 233, 19-29.
Chen, G., Yan, W., Liu, Y., Wei, Y., Zhou, M., Zheng, Y.L., and Liu, C. (2014). The non-gibberellic acid-responsive semi-dwarfing gene uzu affects Fusarium crown rot resistance in barley. BMC Plant Biology 1, 1-8.
Christian, J.R., Rasyad, A., and Nurhidayah, T. (2016). Perkembangaan biji dan komponen hasil tiga verietas kedelai (Glicyne max (L) Merrill) dengan pemberian giberelin. Jurnal Agrotek Tropika 1, 13-20.
Erdiansyah, I., Ningrum, D.R.K., and Damanhuri, F.N.U. (2018). Pemanfaatan tanaman bunga marigold dan kacang hias terhadap populasi arthropoda pada tanaman padi sawah. Agriprima. Journal of Applied Agricultural Science 2,117-125. doi:10.25047/agriprima.v2i2.91.
Fanindi, A., Sutedi, E., and Sajimin, S. (2012). Pengaruh naungan dan interval potong terhadap produksi hijauan Arachis pintoi. Pastura 2, 48-51. DOI:10.24843/Pastura.2012.v01.i02.p04.
Gashti, A.H., Vishekaei, M.N.S., and Hosseinzadeh, M.H. (2012). Effect of potassium and calcium application on yield, yield components and qualitative characteristics of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Guilan Province, Iran. World Applied Science Journal 4, 540–546.
Hartawan, R. (2016). Skarifikasi dan KNO3 mematahkan dormansi serta meningkatkan viabilitas dan vigor benih aren (Arenga pinnata Merr.) Jurnal Media Pertanian 1, 1-10.
Hidayat, E.A., and Wardiyati, T. (2019). Respon pertumbuhan tiga varietas kacang tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.) terhadap beberapa perlakuan pematahan dormansi. Jurnal Produksi Tanaman 12, 2286–2293.
Irwan, A.W., Wahyudin, A., and Sunarto, T. (2019). Respons kedelai akibat jarak tanam dan konsentrasi giberelin pada tanah inceptisol Jatinangor. Kultivasi 2, 924-932. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/kultivasi.v18i2.22232.
Kurniawan, R.M., and Purnamawati, H. (2017). Respon pertumbuhan dan produksi kacang tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.) terhadap sistem tanam alur dan pemberian jenis pupuk. Buletin Agrohorti 3, 342-350. DOI:10.29244/agrob.v5i3.16472.
Kurniawati, N., and Martono, E. (2015). Peran tumbuhan berbunga sebagai media konservasi Arthropoda musuh alami. Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia 2, 53–59. DOI:10.22146/jpti.16615.
Leksono, A.S., and Yanuwiadi, B. (2013). Efek blok refugia (Ageratum conyzoides, Ageratum houstonianum, Commelina diffusa) terhadap pola kunjungan Arthropoda di Perkebunan Apel Desa Poncokusumo, Malang. Jurnal Biotropika 4, 134–138.
Neef, A., Schultze-Kraft, R., Sampet, C., Saepueng, W., and Suriyong, S. (2004). Seed production potential and participatory vegetative propagation of Arachis pintoi in different environments in northern Thailand. In “Conserving Soil and Water for Society: Sharing solutions” pp 4-8. 13th International Soil Conservation Organization Conference, Brisbane.
Pronaningrum, M. (2016). Efektivitas jenis bahan perbanyakan kacang hias (Arachis pintoi Krap. & Greg.) terhadap laju penutupan tanah. [Thesis]. IPB University. Bogor.
Putra, W.H. (2012). Pengaruh giberelin acid (GA3) terhadap pembungaan dan hasil benih beberapa varietas bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum). [Thesis]. Universitas Sebelas Maret. Surakarta.
Ramaiah, M., Jain, A., and Raghothama, K.G. (2014). Ethylene response factor regulates root development and phosphate starvation-mediated responses. Plant Physiology 3, 1484-1498. doi:10.1104/pp.113.231183.
Rahmianna, A.A., Taufiq, A., and Yusnawan, E. (2007). Hasil polong dan kualitas biji kacang tanah pada tanah dengan kadar air dan umur panen berbeda. Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan 3, 206-211.
Salisbury, F.B., and Ross, C.W. (1995). “Fisiologi Tumbuhan III”. Institut Teknologi Bandung. Bandung.
Sanchez, J.M.D., Vendramini, J., Silveira, M.L., Dubeux Jr., J.C.B., Sollenberger, L.E., and Moriel, P. (2020). Pintoi peanut: a seed-propagated perennial peanut forage option for Floria. UF/IFAS Publication # SS-AGR-445. DOI: doi.org/10.32473/edis-ag445-2020
Simbolon, T.M. (2018). “Efektivitas Penggunaan Beberapa Jenis Alas dan Sifat Fisik Tanah pada Pertumbuhan Kacang Hias (Arachis Pintoi Krap. & Greg)”. [Thesis]. IPB University. Bogor.
Sumiahadi, A. (2014). Keefektifan biomulsa Arachis pintoi Karp. & Greg. untuk konservasi tanah dan pengendalian gulma pada pertanaman jagung di lahan kering. [Thesis]. IPB University. Bogor.
Tiwari, D.K., Pandey, P., Giri, S.P., and Dwivedi, J.L. (2011). Effect of GA3 and other plant growth regulators on hybrid rice seed production. Asian Journal of Plant Science 1, 1-7. doi:10.3923/ajps.2011.133.139.
Wicks, T., Walker, G., Pederick, S., and Anstis, S. (2011). Onion stunting in South Australia associated with Rhizoctonia solani AG 8. Australian Plant Pathologist 2, 126–132. DOI:10.1007/s13313-010-0021-y.
Widajati, E., Murniati, E., and Palupi, E.R., Kartika, T., Suhartanto, M.R., and Qadir, A. (2013). “Dasar Ilmu dan Teknologi Benih”. IPB Press. Bogor.
Yasmin, S., Wardiyati, T., and Koesriharti. (2014). Pengaruh perbedaan waktu aplikasi dan konsentrasi giberelin (GA3) terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman cabai besar (Capsicum annum L.). Jurnal Produksi Tanaman 5, 395–403.
Yennita, Y. (2014). Pengaruh gibberellic acid (GA3) terhadap kacang tanah (Arachis hypogea L) pada fase generatif. Proceeding Biology Education Conference: Biology, Science, Enviromental, and Learning 1, 93-97.
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2023-01-25
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Dani, R. R., Kartika, J. G., & Sari, M. (2023). Effects of Gibberellic Acid (GA3) Application on The Plant Growth and Seed Production of Pinto Peanut (Arachis pintoi Krap & Greg). Journal of Tropical Crop Science, 10(01), 27–37. https://doi.org/10.29244/jtcs.10.1.27-37
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