Effects of Gibberellin on Physical and Chemical Quality of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Fresh Fruit Bunches
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29244/jtcs.10.02.87-93Keywords:
crude palm oil, concentration, fresh fruit bunches, respirationAbstract
The quality of crude palm oil (CPO) is influenced by the quality of fresh fruit bunches, crop culture, and postharvest handling. A delay in fruit processing can cause physical damages to the fresh fruit bunches. Gibberellic acid (GA3) can potentially reduce the physical damage due to delayed processing of the fresh fruit bunches. Our study aims to determine how GA3 affects the physical and chemical quality of oil palm fresh fruit bunches. The fresh fruit bunch samples were collected from the IPB-Cargill Palm Oil Education and Research, Jonggol, Bogor, Indonesia. This study used a randomized complete block design that consisted of four concentrations of GA3: 0, 12.5, 25 and 37.5 ppm. GA3 application reduced fruit loss, respiration rate, and maintain fruit moisture and firmness, increased the oil content, and stabilize the free fatty acid content. GA3 concentration of 12.5 ppm is the optimal concentration. Based on the correlation analysis, fruit softness has a strong correlation with free fatty acids.
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Wang, D., Yeats, T.H., Uluisik, S., Rose, J.K.C., and Seymour, G.B. (2018). Fruit softening: revisiting the role of pectin. Trends Plant Science 23, 302-310.
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Aditama, F.Z. (2014). “Pengaruh Penggunaan KMnO4 Sebagai Bahan Penyerap Etilen Selama Penyimpanan Buah Alpukat (Persea americana, Mill).” [Thesis]. Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University.
Ahmad, U. (2013). “Teknologi Penanganan Pascapanen Buah-buahan Dan Sayuran”. 142 pp. Graha Ilmu.
Aji, T.G. (2016). “Karakteristik Buah Jeruk Pamelo (Cirus grandis (L.) Osbeck) ’Muria Merah’ Berbiji dan Tanpa Biji dan Upaya Memperbaiki Daya Simpannya.” [Thesis]. Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University.
Besada, C., Arnal, L., and Salvador, A. (2008). Improving storability of persimmon cv. Rojo brillante by combined use of preharvest and postharvest treatments. Postharvest Biology and Technology 50, 169–175.
Bons, H.K., Kaur, N., and Rattanpal, H.S. (2015). Quality and quantity improvement of citrus: role of plant regulators. International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Biotechnology 84, 33-447.
Depperin] Departemen Perindustrian. [2007]. “Gambaran Sekilas Industri Minyak Kelapa Sawit”. https://kemenperin.go.id/ [November 25, 2021].
Ditjenbun] Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan. (2022). “Statistical of National Leading Estate Crops Comodity 2020-2022”. https://ditjenbun.pertanian.go.id/. [February 17, 2023].
Fajri, R., and Ihsan, F.N. 2019. Pengaruh kadar free fatty acid (FFA) dalam bulk stronge tank (BST) terhadap kualitas crude palm oil (CPO) hasil produksi pengolahan kelapa sawit PMKS PT. Sisirau Aceh Tamiang. Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Terapan 1, 22-24.
Fathurrohman, M. (2016). “Kajian Laju Respirasi Buah Jambu Kristal (Psidium guajava L.) pada Berbagai Suhu Penyimpanan dengan Pendekatan Model Arrhenius.” [Thesis]. Faculty of Agricultural Technology. IPB University.
Hartmann, H.T., Flocker, W.J., and Kofranek, A.M. (2007). “Plant Science, Growth, Development, and Utilization of Cultivated Plants”. 594 pp. Prentice Hall Inc.
Hasibuan, H.A. (2020). Determination of yield, quality and chemical composition of palm oil and palm kernel oil of fresh fruit bunches with variation maturity as a basic for determining harvest maturity standard. Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit 28, 123-132.
Hassan, A.H., Jamil, H.M., Sulaiman, A.S., and Mokhtar, A.S. (2009). “Perusahaan Kelapa Sawit di Malaysia”. Institut Penyelidikan Minyak Kelapa Sawit.
Jiang, L., Feng, L., Zhang, F., Luo, H., and Yu, Z. (2020). Peach fruit ripening: proteomic comparative analyses of two cultivars with different flesh texture phenotypes at two ripening stages. Scientia Horticulturae 260, 1-9.
Maduwanthi, S.D.T., and Marapana, R.A.U.J. (2019). Induced ripening agents and their effect on fruit quality of banana. International Journal Food Science 2019, 1-8.
Manurung, S., Roosmawati. F., Yosephine, I.O., and Kaharudding. (2022). Pengaruh aplikasi giberelin (GA3) terhadap perubahan mutu fisik tandan buah segar kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq). Jurnal Agroplasma 9, 76-81.
Marlina, L., Purwanto Y.A., and Ahmad, U. (2014). Aplikasi pelapisan kitosan dan lilin lebah untuk meningkatkan umur simpan salak pondoh. Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian 2, 65–72.
Maulana, A.F., and Susanto, W.H. (2015). Pengaruh penyemprotan larutan kalsium propionat dan kalium sorbat pada pasca panen kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) terhadap kualitas CPO. Jurnal Pangan dan Agroindustri 3, 453-463.
Morcillo, F., Cros, D., Billotte, N., and Ngando-Ebongue, G.F. (2013). Improving palm oil quality through identification and mapping of the lipase gene causing oil deterioration. Nature Communication 4, 1-8.
Mulyadi., Rasyad, A., and Isnaini. (2017). Perkembangan morfologi dan sifat fisik buah pada tanaman kelapa sawit. Jurnal Online Mahasiswa 4,1-11.
Pahan, I. (2008). “Kelapa Sawit Manajemen Agribisnis Dari Hulu Hingga Hilir.” 412 pp. Penebar Swadaya.
Saidah, F.Y., Purnamawati, H., and Lubis, I. (2023). Evaluation of source and sink capacity of new cowpea varieties. Journal of Tropical Crop Science 10, 38-45.
Salisbury, F.B., and Ross, C.W. (1996). “Plant Physiology” vol. 3. Brooks/Cole ISE. 682 pp. Standar Nasional Indonesia. (2006). “SNI 01-2901-2006 Minyak Kelapa Sawit Mentah (Crude Palm Oil)”. Badan Standardisasi Nasional Indonesia.
Sudradjat., Sugianta., Siregar, H.A., and Purwanto, O.D. (2021). Effects of gibberellin (GA3) on the physical quality of oil palm fresh fruit bunches. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 694, 1-9.
Suriaini, N., Arpi, N., Syamsuddin, Y., and Supardan M.P. (2021). Use of crude glycerol for glycerolysis of free fatty acids in crude palm oil. International Journal of Technology 12, 760-769.
Sutrisno., Mahmudah, I., and Sugiyono. (2008). Kajian penyimpanan dingin buah manggis segar (Garcinia mangostana L.) dengan perlakuan kondisi proses penyimpanan In “Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknik Pertanian” pp. 1-9.
Taiz L, and Zeiger E. 2006. “Plant Physiology”. 4th ed. 565 pp. Sinauer Associates Inc. Publisher.
Tarigan, S.M., Febrianto, E.B., and Cik, L.A. (2019). The effect of gibberellins (GA3) concentration with the time of application before harvest on the physical quality of oil palm fresh fruit bunches (Elaeis quineensis Jacq.). Agro Fabrika 1,61-68.
Tuan, M., Nguyen., and Yen, C.R. (2013). Response of wax apple cultivars by applied GA3 and 2.4-D on fruit growth and fruit quality. International Journal of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering 7, 23-31.
Wang, D., Yeats, T.H., Uluisik, S., Rose, J.K.C., and Seymour, G.B. (2018). Fruit softening: revisiting the role of pectin. Trends Plant Science 23, 302-310.
Wills, R., McGlasson, B., Graham, D., and Joyce, D. (2007). “Postharvest: An Introduction to the Physiology and Handling of Fruit, Vegetables and Ornamentals.” 227 pp. University of New South Wales Press.
Winarno, F.G., and Wirakartakusuma, M.A. (1979). “Fisiologi Lepas Panen”. 97 pp. Sastra Hudaya.
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Published
2023-06-28
How to Cite
Ramanis, I., Sudradjat, S., & Saprudin, D. (2023). Effects of Gibberellin on Physical and Chemical Quality of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Fresh Fruit Bunches. Journal of Tropical Crop Science, 10(02), 87–93. https://doi.org/10.29244/jtcs.10.02.87-93
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