Twice Applications of Laying Hens Manure Produced the Highest Yield of Organic Okra Pods (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench.)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29244/jtcs.10.03.176-185Keywords:
flowering age, gradual fertilization, green okra, “Naila IPB”, young podsAbstract
The optimal okra cultivation using organic fertilizers remains a subject of limited information. This study aimed to assess the impact of applying 18 t.ha-1 of laying hens' organic fertilizer on the morphological and physiological traits of the "Naila IPB" green okra variety. The study was conducted between September and December 2022 at the IPB organic experimental field at Cikarawang, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. A randomized complete block design with a single factor namely frequency of organic fertilizer application, was employed. The factor consisted of four levels: no organic fertilization, 1-, 2-, and 3-times applications. The results demonstrated that a single application of organic fertilizer led to an increase in plant height at 5, 7, and 9 weeks after planting (WAP), leaf number at 5 WAP, root dry weight at 4 WAP, stem dry weight at 10 WAP, and an acceleration in the onset of flowering. This resulted in a flowering period lasting 29.6 days, with a total flowering duration of 69.33 days. In contrast, a two-times application of organic fertilizer resulted in elevated plant height at 11 WAP, an increased leaf number at 11 WAP, heightened leaf potassium content, a greater number of pods per plant, and a higher yield of young pod okra. These findings contribute to our understanding of the effects of organic fertilizer application frequency on the growth and yield of young pod okra, aiding in the formulation of improved cultivation strategies.
References
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Maghfoer, M.D., Soelistyono, R., and Herlina, N. (2013). Response of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) to combination of inorganic-organic N and EM4. Agrivita 35, 296 -303.
Mangana, R.E., Melati, M., Purnamawati, H., and Pratiwi, E. (2020). Enrichment of organic manure with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria improved the root and shoot growth of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench.). Journal of Tropical Crop Science 7, 137–147.
Mohammedaltom, A.A.A., and Dagash, Y.M.I. (2017). The influence of fertilizer type and time of application on growth and forage productivity of mung bean. Asian Journal of Agriculture 1, 22-28.
Núñez-colima, J.A., and Pedroza-sandoval, A. (2018). Effect of biofertilizers on vegetative growth of okra. Revista Chapingo Serie Horticultura 48, 73-80.
Nurmayulis., Utama, P., and Jannah, R. (2014). Growth and yield of lettuce plant (Lactuca sativa) that were given organic chicken manure plus some bioactivators. Agrologia 3, 51.
Panjaitan, S.P., Melati, M., and Budiman, C. (2021). “The frequency of fertilizing with goat manure for the production of red okra fruits (in Indonesian: Frekuensi pemupukan dengan pupuk kandang kambing untuk produksi buah okra merah)”. Faculty of Agriculture, Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Patil, P., Sutar, S., Joseph, J.K., Malik, S., Rao, S., and Yadav, S. (2015). A systematic review of the genus Abelmoschus (Malvaceae). Rheedea 1, 14–30.
Priatna, N.I., Melati, M., and Susanto, S. (2020). “Production and Quality of Okra Seeds (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) With Various Doses of Phosphorus Fertilizer, Organic Fertilizer and Biofertilizer (in Indonesian: Produksi dan kualitas biji okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) dengan berbagai dosis pupuk fosfor, pupuk organik dan pupuk hayati)”. Faculty of Agriculture, Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Rogeri, D.A., Ernani, P.R., Mantovani, A., and Lourenço, K.S. (2016). Composition of poultry litter in Southern Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 40, 1-7.
Roidah, I.S. (2013). Benefits of using organic fertilizers for soil fertility (in Indonesian: Manfaat penggunaan pupuk organik untuk kesuburan tanah). Journal Bonorowo 1, 30–43.
Rokhmah, N.A., Melati, M., and Purnamawati, H. (2019). Morphophysiological characters of okra leaves (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) on fertilizer differences through the minus one test method (in Indonesian: Karakter morfofisiologi daun okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) pada perbedaan pupuk melalui metode minus one test). Journal Hortikultura Indonesia 29, 189–198.
Wang, X., Yan, J., Zhang, X., Zhang, S., and Chen, Y. (2020). Organic manure input improves soil water and nutrients use for sustainable maize (Zea mays. L) productivity on the Loess Plateau. PLoS One 15, 1–16.
Yagi, R., Martinez, J.L., Hoffman, and Clovis, R. (2020). Methods and rates of poultry litter fertilization for corn silage in organic system. Acta Scientiarum 42, 9-11.
Ali, Q., Ashraf, S., Kamran, M., Rehman, A., Tahir, M., and Shakeel, A. (2019). Organic manuring for agronomic crops In “Agronomic Crops: Management Practices” (M. Hsanuzzaman, ed.). pp. 69-86. Springer, Singapore. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9783-8_10
Aplugi, D.M.A., Melati, M., Kurniawati, A., and Faridah, D.D.N. (2019). The diversity of fruit quality in two varieties of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) of different harvest ages (in Indonesia: Keragaman kualitas buah pada dua varietas okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) dari umur panen berbeda). Indonesian Journal of Agronomy 47, 196–202.
Atsari, A.D., and Suntari, R. (2018). The residual effect of compost and urea with the application of goat manure compost on the availability and uptake of N, P, K and Okra (Abelmonchus esculentus) plants on soils affected by the eruption of Mount Kelud (in Indonesia: Efek residu kompos dan urea dengan aplikasi kompos kotoran kambing terhadap ketersediaan dan serapan N, P, K serta hasil tanaman Okra (Abelmonchus esculentus) pada tanah terdampak erupsi Gunung Kelud). Jurnal Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan 5, 875-886.
Camciuc, M., Deplagne, M., Vilarem, G., and Gaset, A. (1998). Okra Abelmoschus esculentus L. (Moench.) a crop with economic potential for set aside acreage in France. Industrial Crops and Products 7, 257-260.
Fauziah. 2008. Effect of chicken manure organic fertilizer on the growth of aloe vera plants (Aloe vera L.) (in Indonesian: Pengaruh pupuk organik kotoran ayam terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman lidah buaya (Aloe vera L.) ). Indralaya: Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sriwijaya.
Firdaus, Wulandari, S., and Mulyeni, G.D. (2013). Growth of rubber plant roots on former bauxite mine soil with the application of organic matter (in Indonesian: Pertumbuhan akar tanaman karet pada tanah bekas tambang bauksit dengan aplikasi bahan organik). Journal of Biology 10, 1– 6.
Gosling, P., Hodge, A., Goodlass, G., and Bending, G.D. (2006). Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and organic farming. Agriculture Ecosystem and Environment 113, 17–35.
Hariyadi. (2019). The effect of watering on rice washing water, MSG water, and AC (Air Conditioner) wastewater on tomato yields and yields components (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) in the deep peatland”. Original Research Paper II. FST Terbuka University.
Jain, N., Jain, R., Jain, V., and Jain, S. (2012). A review on: Abelmoschus esculentus. Pharmacia 1, 84-89.
Kumar, S. (2014). Physicochemical, phytochemical, and toxicity studies on gum and mucilage from plant Abelmoschus esculentus. The Journal of Phytopharmacology 3, 200-203.
Lim, T.K. (2012). Edible medicinal and non-medicinal plants: fruits. Springer Science and Business Media 3, 160.
Lim, V., Kardono, L.B.S., and Kam, N. (2015). Study of emulsifier characteristics and stability of okra mucous powder (Abelmoschus esculentus) (in Indonesia: Studi karakteristik dan stabilitas pengemulsi dari bubuk lendir okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)). Jurnal Aplikasi Teknologi Pangan 4, 100-107.
Luthfyrakhman, H., dan Susila, A.D. (2013). Optimization of doses of inorganic fertilizers and chicken manure in hybrid tomato cultivation (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) (in Indonesia: Optimasi dosis pupuk anorganik dan pupuk kandang ayam pada budidaya tomat hibrida (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)). Buletin Agronomi dan Hortikultura 5, 119-126.
Mal, B., Mahapatra, Mohanty, S., and Mishra, H.N. (2013). Growth and yield parameters of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) influenced by diazotrophs and chemical fertilizer. Journal of Crop and Weed 9,109-112.
Maghfoer, M.D., Soelistyono, R., and Herlina, N. (2013). Response of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) to combination of inorganic-organic N and EM4. Agrivita 35, 296 -303.
Mangana, R.E., Melati, M., Purnamawati, H., and Pratiwi, E. (2020). Enrichment of organic manure with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria improved the root and shoot growth of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench.). Journal of Tropical Crop Science 7, 137–147.
Mohammedaltom, A.A.A., and Dagash, Y.M.I. (2017). The influence of fertilizer type and time of application on growth and forage productivity of mung bean. Asian Journal of Agriculture 1, 22-28.
Núñez-colima, J.A., and Pedroza-sandoval, A. (2018). Effect of biofertilizers on vegetative growth of okra. Revista Chapingo Serie Horticultura 48, 73-80.
Nurmayulis., Utama, P., and Jannah, R. (2014). Growth and yield of lettuce plant (Lactuca sativa) that were given organic chicken manure plus some bioactivators. Agrologia 3, 51.
Panjaitan, S.P., Melati, M., and Budiman, C. (2021). “The frequency of fertilizing with goat manure for the production of red okra fruits (in Indonesian: Frekuensi pemupukan dengan pupuk kandang kambing untuk produksi buah okra merah)”. Faculty of Agriculture, Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Patil, P., Sutar, S., Joseph, J.K., Malik, S., Rao, S., and Yadav, S. (2015). A systematic review of the genus Abelmoschus (Malvaceae). Rheedea 1, 14–30.
Priatna, N.I., Melati, M., and Susanto, S. (2020). “Production and Quality of Okra Seeds (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) With Various Doses of Phosphorus Fertilizer, Organic Fertilizer and Biofertilizer (in Indonesian: Produksi dan kualitas biji okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) dengan berbagai dosis pupuk fosfor, pupuk organik dan pupuk hayati)”. Faculty of Agriculture, Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Rogeri, D.A., Ernani, P.R., Mantovani, A., and Lourenço, K.S. (2016). Composition of poultry litter in Southern Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 40, 1-7.
Roidah, I.S. (2013). Benefits of using organic fertilizers for soil fertility (in Indonesian: Manfaat penggunaan pupuk organik untuk kesuburan tanah). Journal Bonorowo 1, 30–43.
Rokhmah, N.A., Melati, M., and Purnamawati, H. (2019). Morphophysiological characters of okra leaves (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) on fertilizer differences through the minus one test method (in Indonesian: Karakter morfofisiologi daun okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) pada perbedaan pupuk melalui metode minus one test). Journal Hortikultura Indonesia 29, 189–198.
Wang, X., Yan, J., Zhang, X., Zhang, S., and Chen, Y. (2020). Organic manure input improves soil water and nutrients use for sustainable maize (Zea mays. L) productivity on the Loess Plateau. PLoS One 15, 1–16.
Yagi, R., Martinez, J.L., Hoffman, and Clovis, R. (2020). Methods and rates of poultry litter fertilization for corn silage in organic system. Acta Scientiarum 42, 9-11.
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Published
2023-10-29
How to Cite
Fhonna, T. N., Melati, M., & Aziz, S. A. (2023). Twice Applications of Laying Hens Manure Produced the Highest Yield of Organic Okra Pods (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench.). Journal of Tropical Crop Science, 10(03), 176–185. https://doi.org/10.29244/jtcs.10.03.176-185
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