Extraction of Antioxidant Compounds from Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) Peel as Agricultural Waste in Taiwan

Authors

  • Josephine Azaria Gusman National Pingtung University of Science and Technology
  • Pi-Jen Tsai National Pingtung University of Science and Technology

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29244/jtcs.2.2.10-16

Abstract

Besides being an agricultural waste, rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) peel has been widely known as good antioxidant source. However, no information about the antioxidant or their way of extraction for rambutan grown in Taiwan can be found. Since its major bioactive compound is geraniin, one of polyphenol compounds, so that total phenolic was used as an index to investigate the optimum condition of extraction from rambutan peel (red and yellow) in Taiwan. Extraction was conducted based on solvent ratio (1:10 to 1:30 g/mL), ethanol concentration (0 to 95 %), ultrasonic extraction temperature (30 to 70°C), and extraction method (conventional from 6 to 36 h at room temperature and ultrasonic from 0.5 to 10 min at 50oC). Results showed that the highest total phenolic content found in red rambutan variety was at 1:15 (g/mL) ratio, but no significant difference for yellow rambutan. Forty percent of ethanolic extraction and 50°C for ultrasonic extraction for both varieties. Conventional method (12 h) and ultrasonic method (2 min) resulted in the highest total phenolic recovery. As to their antioxidant activity in this study, FRAP ranged from 3800.25±86.49 to 4116.5±88.41 (µmol Fe2+/g D.W), flavonoid from 6.41±0.48 to 8.57±0.35 (mg Quercetin/g D.W), and total phenolic recovery from 297.78±4.06 to 358.42±4.63 (mg GAE/g D.W.). This is the first paper regarding the study of rambutan peel in Taiwan.
Keywords: Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.), geraniin, antioxidant, agricultural waste

References

Altemimi, A., Choudhary, R., Watson, D.G., and Lightfoot, D.A. (2015). Effects of ultrasonic treatments on the polyphenol and antioxidant content of spinach extracts. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 24, 247-255.

Boeing, J.S., Barizão, É.O., Silva, B.C., Montanher, P.F., Almeida, V.C., and Visentainer, J.V. (2014). Evaluation of solvent effect on the extraction of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacities from the berries: application of principal component analysis. Chemistry Central Journal 8, 48.

Fang, X., Wang, J., Wang, Y., Li, X., Zhou, H., and Zhu, L. (2014). Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of wedelolactone and antioxidant polyphenols from Eclipta prostrate L using response surface methodology. Separation and Purification Technology 138, 55-64.

Feng, S., Luo, Z., Tao, B., and Chen, C. (2015). Ultrasonic-assisted extraction and purification of phenolic compounds from sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) rinds. LWT - Food Science and Technology 60, 970-976.

Herodež, Š.S., et al., Hadolin, M., Škerget, M., and Knez, Ž. (2003). Solvent extraction study of antioxidants from Balm (Melissa officinalis L.) leaves. Food Chemistry 80, 275-282.

Khoddami, A., Wilkes, M.A., and Roberts T.H. (2013). Techniques for analysis of plant phenolic compounds. Molecules 18, 2328-75.

Khonkarn, R., Okonogi, S., Ampasavate, C., and Anuchapreeda, S. (2010). Investigation of fruit peel extracts as sources for compounds with antioxidant and antiproliferative activities against human cell lines. Food and Chemical Toxicology 48, 2122-2129.

Kuljarachanan, T., Devahastin, S., and Chiewchan, N. (2009). Evolution of antioxidant compounds in lime residues during drying. Food Chemistry 113, 944-949.

Lestari, S.R., Djati, M.S., Rudijanto, A., and Fatchiyah, F. (2014). The physiological response of obese rat model with rambutan peel extract treatment. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease 4, Supplement 2, S780-S785.

Lin, J.Y. and Tang, C.Y. (2007). Determination of total phenolic and flavonoid contents in selected fruits and vegetables, as well as their stimulatory effects on mouse splenocyte proliferation. Food Chemistry 101, 140-147.

Liu, Y., Wei, S., and Liao, M. (2013). Optimization of ultrasonic extraction of phenolic compounds from Euryale ferox seed shells using response surface methodology. Industrial Crops and Products 49, 837-843.

Majd, M.H., Rajaei, A., Bashi, D.S., Mortazavi, S.A., and Bolourian, S. (2014). Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from bovine pennyroyal (Phlomidoschema parviflorum) leaves using response surface methodology. Industrial Crops and Products 57, 195-202.

Naczk, M. and Shahidi, F. (2004). Extraction and analysis of phenolics in food. Journal of Chromatography A 1054, 95-111.

Okonogi, S., Duangrat, C., Anuchpreeda, S., Tachakittirungrod, S., and Chowwanapoonpohn, S. (2007). Comparison of antioxidant capacities and cytotoxicities of certain fruit peels. Food Chemistry 103, 839-846.

Palanisamy, U., Cheng, H.M., Masilamani, T., Subramaniam, T., Ling, L.T., and Radhakrishnan, A.K. (2008). Rind of the rambutan, Nephelium lappaceum, a potential source of natural antioxidants. Food Chemistry 109, 54-63.

Palanisamy, U., Manaharan, T., Teng, L.L., Radhakrishnan, A.K.C., Subramaniam, T., and Masilamani, T. (2011). Rambutan rind in the management of hyperglycemia. Food Research International 44, 2278-2282.

Palanisamy, U.D., Ling, L.T., Manaharan, T., and Appleton, D. (2011). Rapid isolation of geraniin from Nephelium lappaceum rind waste and its anti-hyperglycemic activity. Food Chemistry 127, 21-27.

Perera, A., Appleton, D., Ying, L.H., Elendran, S., and Palanisamy U.D. (2012). Large scale purification of geraniin from Nephelium lappaceum rind waste using reverse-phase chromatography. Separation and Purification Technology 98, 145-149.

Prakash Maran, J., Manikandan, S., Vigna Nivetha C., and Dinesh R. (2013). Ultrasound assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from Nephelium lappaceum L. fruit peel using central composite face centered response surface design. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, In Press.

Szydłowska-Czerniak, A., Dianoczki, C., Recseg, K., Karlovits, G., and Szłyk, E. (2008). Determination of antioxidant capacities of vegetable oils by ferric-ion spectrophotometric methods. Talanta 76, 899-905.

Teh, S.S., and Birch E.J. (2014). Effect of ultrasonic treatment on the polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity of extract from defatted hemp, flax and canola seed cakes. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 21, 346-353.

Thitilertdecha, N. and Rakariyatham, N. (2011). Phenolic content and free radical scavenging activities in rambutan during fruit maturation. Scientia Horticulturae 129, 247-252.

Thitilertdecha, N., Teerawutgulrag, A., Kilburn, J.D., and Rakariyatham, N. (2010). Identification of major phenolic compounds from Nephelium lappaceum L. and their antioxidant activities. Molecules 15, 1453-1465.

Thitilertdecha, N., Teerawutgulrag, A., and Rakariyatham, N. (2008). Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Nephelium lappaceum L. extracts. LWT - Food Science and Technology 41, 2029-2035.

Downloads

Published

2015-12-15

How to Cite

Gusman, J. A., & Tsai, P.-J. (2015). Extraction of Antioxidant Compounds from Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) Peel as Agricultural Waste in Taiwan. Journal of Tropical Crop Science, 2(2), 10–16. https://doi.org/10.29244/jtcs.2.2.10-16