Fruit Maturity and Intra-Spadix Position Affected Seed Quality of Amorphophallus muelleri Blume
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29244/jtcs.13.03.745-756Keywords:
dry weight, moisture content, pericarp color, physiological maturity, viabilityAbstract
The seed harvesting process for Amorphophallus muelleri Blume is complicated by asynchronous flowering and fruiting. These factors affect the quality of the fruit and seeds, including fruit color, seed viability, and vigor. Pericarp color, as a simple indicator of fruit maturity, can be used to determine the best harvest time. At the M30% fruit maturation stage (30%–49% red pericarp), pericarp colors were more diverse across positions, including dark red, orange, yellow, and greenish yellow. The M50% (50%–74% red pericarp) included red, orange, yellow, and greenish yellow. The pericarp colors at M75% (>75% red pericarp) were more uniform, consisting of red, orange, and yellow. There were no significant differences in seed moisture content among spadix maturity stages, 62.49% (M30%), 63.42% (M50%), and 61.07% (M75%). Maturity stage and position affected the physical and physiological quality of the fruit and seeds. The well-filled and rotten fruits in the spadix increased as fruit maturity advanced. The highest number of empty fruits was found at M30%, while the highest seed dry weight was found at M50%. The proximal position had a higher percentage of empty fruits and a greater dry weight than the distal and middle positions. M75% had the highest average rate of well filled fruit (90.83%) and the lowest average dry weight (8.1 mg per seed). The M50% maturity stage had the highest average dry weight (9.3 mg per seed) and the highest average viability of 93.1%, indicating that the seeds had reached physiological maturity.
References
Alan, Ö., & Eser, B. (2008). The effect of fruit maturity and post-harvest ripening on seed quality in hot and conic pepper cultivars. Seed Science and Technology, 36(2), 467–474. https://doi.org/10.15258/sst.2008.36.2.21
Dranski, J. A. L., Júnior, A. S. P., Steiner, F., Zoz, T., Malavasi, U. C., Malavasi, M. de M., & Guimarães, V. F. (2010). Physiological maturity of seeds and colorimetry of fruits of Jatropha curcas L. Revista Brasileira de Sementes, 32(4), 158–165. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-31222010000400018
Fadhilah, S., Widajati, E., Ilyas, S., Palupi, E. R., & Qadir, A. (2025). Protocol development for assessing seed moisture content and germination testing in Amorphophallus muelleri Blume. Journal of Tropical Crop Science, 12(1), 132–144. https://doi.org/10.29244/jtcs.12.01.132-144
Harijati, N., Navisya, H. I., & Diao, Y. (2017). The cutting effect of male flowers on the size of the fruit cob, the size of the fruit, and the seeds in porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume). AIP Conference Proceedings, 1908(1), Article 030013. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5012718
International Seed Testing Association. (2021). Determination of moisture content. In International rules for seed testing (2021 ed., pp. i9-12–i9-20). International Seed Testing Association.
Kapoor, L., Simkin, A. J., Doss, C. G. P., & Siva, R. (2022). Fruit ripening: Dynamics and integrated analysis of carotenoids and anthocyanins. BMC Plant Biology, 22, Article 27. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-021-03411-w
Kumar, S., Basu, S., Anand, A., Lal, S. K., & Tomar, B. S. (2021). Identification of the best germination indices represents the seed quality status in unaged and aged onion seeds. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 10(2), 76–85. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1002.009
Kumar, V., Poonia, R. C., & Chaudhary, K. (2018). Assessment of the seed vigour potential in different varieties of wheat. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 7(7), 354–361. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.707.043
Kviklys, D., Viškelis, J., Liaudanskas, M., Janulis, V., Laužikė, K., Samuolienė, G., Uselis, N., & Lanauskas, J. (2022). Apple fruit growth and quality depend on the position in the tree canopy. Plants, 11(2), 196. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11020196
Lah, N. H. C., El Enshasy, H. A., Mediani, A., Azizan, K. A., Aizat, W. M., Tan, J. K., Afzan, A., Noor, N. M., & Rohani, E. R. (2023). An insight into the behavior of recalcitrant seeds by understanding their molecular changes upon desiccation and low temperature. Agronomy, 13(8), 2099. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13082099
Lontoh, A. P., Santosa, E., Kurniawati, A., & Sari, M. (2019). Yield evaluation of selected clones apomictic iles-iles (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) on second growing period. Journal Agronomi Indonesia, 47(2), 171–179. https://doi.org/10.24831/jai.v47i2.24453
Nasir, S., Rahayuningsih, S. A., Radjit, B. S., Ginting, E., Harnowo, D., & Mejaya, I. M. J. (2015). Tanaman porang: Pengenalan, budidaya, dan pemanfaatannya. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan.
Nugroho, I. J., Anwar, S., & Kusmiyati, F. (2022). The effect of harvest age on seed quality in three different varieties of cayenne pepper. Journal of Agroqua, 20(2), 273–281.
Nurshanti, D. F., Lakitan, B., Hasmeda, M., Ferlinahayati, F., Negara, Z. P., Susilawati, S., & Budianta, D. (2022). Planting materials, shading effects, and non destructive estimation of compound leaf area in konjac (Amorphophallus muelleri). Trends in Sciences, 19(9), 3973. https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2022.3973
Pramono, A. A., & Rustam, E. (2017). Perubahan kondisi fisik, fisiologis, dan biokimia benih Michelia champaca pada berbagai tingkat kemasakan. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Masyarakat Biodiversitas Indonesia, 3(3), 368–375.
Rahmadini, F., Julianti, E., & Lubis, Z. (2020). Warna kulit dan komposisi kimia buah asam gelugur (Garcinia atroviridis Griffith et Anders.) pada tingkat kematangan yang berbeda. Agrointek, 14(2), 270–277. https://doi.org/10.21107/agrointek.v14i2.6159
Santosa, E., Mine, Y., Lontoh, A. P., Sugiyama, N., Sari, M., & Kurniawati, A. (2019). Gibberellic acid application causes erratic flowering on young corms of Amorphophallus muelleri Blume (Araceae). The Horticulture Journal, 88(1), 92–99. https://doi.org/10.2503/hortj.UTD-016
Sari, M., Santosa, E., Lontoh, A. P., & Kurniawati, A. (2019). Kualitas benih dan pertumbuhan bibit tanaman iles-iles (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) asal media tumbuh berbeda. Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia, 24(2), 144–150. https://doi.org/10.18343/jipi.24.2.144
Shah, H., Hellegers, P., & Siderius, C. (2021). Climate risk to agriculture: A synthesis to define different types of critical moments. Climate Risk Management, 34, 100378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2021.100378
Sripathy, K. V., & Groot, S. P. C. (2023). Seed development and maturation. In Seed science and technology: Biology, production, quality (pp. 17–38). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5888-5_2
Tresniawati, C., Murniati, E., & Widajati, E. (2014). Perubahan fisik, fisiologi dan biokimia selama pemasakan benih dan studi rekalsitransi benih kemiri sunan. Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia, 42(1), 74–79.
Wang, A. B., Tan, D. Y., Baskin, C. C., & Baskin, J. M. (2010). Effect of seed position in spikelet on life history of Eremopyrum distans (Poaceae) from the cold desert of north-west China. Annals of Botany, 106(1), 95–105. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcq089
Wardani, I. B., Harijati, N., & Mastuti, R. (2019). The study of growth and its polyembryonic properties of porang seeds (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) from various fruit colors in different planting media. The Journal of Experimental Life Sciences, 9(2), 122–127. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jels.2019.009.02.10
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
All publications by Journal of Tropical Crop Science is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
