Characterization of Doubled Haploid Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Lines Obtained from Anther Culture
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29244/jtcs.13.02.504-515Keywords:
anther culture, cluster analysis, doubled haploid, eggplant, genetic variability, hybridAbstract
Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is an important horticultural crop widely cultivated worldwide. Stable genetic material and comprehensive information on genetic variability are essential for the development of superior varieties. Previous studies have obtained genetically stable doubled-haploid (DH) lines through anther culture. However, their agronomic performance has not been well identified. Therefore, this study aims to characterize doubled haploid (DH) eggplant lines (Solanum melongena L.) and identify potential candidates for future use as parental lines in hybrid breeding programs. Eleven doubled-haploid lines and three commercial varieties were evaluated using a randomized complete block design. Quantitative data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey’s HSD test at a 5% significance level, and cluster analysis based on phenotypic similarity. The results revealed significant variability among the genotypes for all quantitative characters except days to final harvest. Cluster analysis classified the genotypes into two major groups. Among the evaluated genotypes, Pro-AM1, Pro-AM38, Pro- AM50, and Hit-AM30 exhibited superior yield-related characters and are considered promising parental lines for hybrid development in eggplant. These findings demonstrate substantial genetic variability among the double-haploid eggplant lines and provide valuable resources for selecting superior lines to support future hybrid development.
References
Acito, F. (2023). Cluster analysis. In Predictive analytics with KNIME (pp. 267–298). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45630-5_13
Akilan, M., Jeyaprakash, P., Shanmuganathan, M., Meena, S., Rajanbabu, V., & Vanniarajan, C. (2023). Comparative patterns of principal component and cluster analysis under sodicity and normal soil conditions in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding, 14(3), 898-901. https://doi.org/10.37992/2023.1403.101
Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika. (2023). Data online pusat database BMKG. http://databaseonline.bmkg.go.id/data_iklim
Directorate of Horticultural Seed, Ministry of Agriculture of Indonesia. (2025). Daftar varietas terdaftar hortikultura. https://www.proseed.perbenihanhorti.id/db-vardaf
Feng, S., Liu, Y., Gao, J., Ma, Y., & Sun, H. (2023). Improving stem lodging resistance, yield, and water use efficiency of wheat by supplementary irrigation. Agronomy, 13(9), 2208. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13092208
Grigolava, T. R., Vishnyakova, A. V., Sinitsyna, A. A., Voronina, A. V., Zubko, O. N., Zudova, O. V., & Monakhos, S. G. (2021). Methodological approaches for producing doubled haploids in sugar beet and red beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding, 25(3), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.18699/vj21.031
Hasnidar, Nurdin, M. Y., Khaidir, & Nazaruddin, M. (2022). Studi hasil dan kualitas tiga varietas terung (Solanum melongena L.) pada beberapa jenis media tanam. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Agroteknologi, 1(1), 6–9. https://doi.org/10.29103/jimatek.v1i1.8457
Hinnah, F. D., Heldwein, A. B., Maldaner, I. C., Loose, L. H., Lucas, D. D. P., & Bortoluzzi, M. P. (2014). Estimation of eggplant leaf area from leaf dimensions. Agricultural and Food Sciences, 73(3), 213–218. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.0083
Hussain, A., Kamran, A., Jarer, A., et al. (2021). A comprehensive review on breeding technologies and selection methods of self-pollinated and cross-pollinated crops. Asian Journal of Biology and Genetic Engineering, 4(3), 35–47.
Kakizaki, Y. 1931. Hybrid vigor in eggplants and its practical utilization. Genetics,16, 1–25. https://doi.org.10.1093/genetics/16.1.1
Khan, M. M. R., Matsuyama, T., Nakamura, I., Ureshino, K., Arita, T., Iwayoshi, M., Ogura- Tsujita, Y., & Isshiki, S. (2022). Production of doubled haploids through anther culture of the male-fertile lines in the CMS system of eggplant with the cytoplasm of Solanum grandifolium. Environment Control in Biology, 60(3), 187–190. https://doi.org/10.2525/ecb.60.187
Kumar, A., Sharma, V., Jain, B. T., & Kaushik, P. (2020). Heterosis breeding in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) gains and provocations. Plants, 9(3), 403. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9030403
Kumar, R., & Wehner, T. C. (2013). Quantitative analysis of generations for inheritance of fruit yield in watermelon. HortScience, 48 (7), 844–847. https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.48.7.844
Lathifaturrahmah. (2014). Perbandingan hasil penggerombolan k-means, fuzzy k-means, dan two-step clustering. Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika IAIN Antasari, 2(1), 39–62.
Li, Z., Zhao, Y., & Luo, K. (2024). Molecular mechanisms of heterosis and its applications in tree breeding: Progress and perspectives. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(22), 12344. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252212344
Ma’arif, S., Purwoko, B. S., Ritonga, A. W., & Dewi, I. S. (2025). Effects of shade on agronomic traits of doubled-haploid lines of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) obtained by anther culture. AIMS Agriculture and Food, 10(1), 199–217. https://doi.org/10.3934/agrfood.2025011
Marcelis, L. F. M. (1996). Sink strength as a determinant of dry matter partitioning in the whole plant. Journal of Experimental Botany, 47(Special Issue), 1281–1291. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/47.Special_ Issue.1281
Mir, R., Calabuig-Serna, A., & Seguí-Simarro, J. M. (2021). Doubled haploids in eggplant. Biology, 10(7), 685. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10070685
Mulyana, A., Purwoko, B. S., Dewi, I. S., & Maharijaya, A. (2023a). Comparison of six anther culture methods for the production of doubled haploids in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). Euphytica, 219, 44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-023-03171-8
Mulyana, A., Purwoko, B. S., Dewi, I. S., & Maharijaya, A. (2023b). In vitro diploidization of haploid plantlet from anther culture of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) using pendimethalin. SABRAO J Breed and Genet, 55(1), 115-122. https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.1.11
Nafilah, I. S., Poerwanto, R., & Efendi, D. (2018). Karakterisasi 13 genotipe terung (Solanum melongena L.) koleksi Pusat Kajian Hortikultura Tropika (PKHT). Jurnal Hortikultura, 2(1), 28–35. https://doi.org/10.29244/chj.2.2.28-35
Niazian, M., & Shariatpanahi, M. (2020). In vitro-based doubled haploid production: Recent improvements. Euphytica, 216(5), 69–89. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-020-02609-7
Omondi, E., Barchi, L., Gaccione, L., Portis, E., Toppino, L., Tassone, M. R., Alonso, D., Prohens, J., Rotino, G. L., Schafleitner, R., et al. (2025). Association analyses reveal both anthropic and environmental selective events during eggplant domestication. The Plant Journal, 121(3), e17229. https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.17229
Poto, A., & Rato, Y. Y. D. (2022). Strategi pengembangan usahatani terung (Solanum melongena L.) di kebun praktik pertanian Universitas Nusa Nipa Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan, 8(1), 436–449. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5879963
Prigge, V., Xu, X., Li, L., Babu, R., Chen, S., Atlin, G. N., & Melchinger, A. E. (2012). New insights into the genetics of in vivo induction of maternal haploids, the backbone of doubled haploid technology in maize. Genetics, 190(3), 781–793. https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.111.133066
Purnamasari, R. T., & Pratiwi, S. H. (2020). Analisis pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman terong (Solanum melongena L.) akibat pemberian dosis pupuk organik cair sabut kelapa (Cocos nucifera) dan pupuk organik. Buana Sains, 20(2), 189–196. https://doi.org/10.33366/bs.v20i2.2240
Purwoko, B. S., Dewi, I.S. (2022). Kultur Antera untuk Pemuliaan Padi Gogo Unggul. IPB Presss.
Pusat Perlindungan Varietas Tanaman. (2007). Panduan pengujian individual kebaruan, keunikan, keseragaman, dan kestabilan terung. Kementerian Pertanian RI.
Putri, F. D., Sobir, Syukur, M., & Maharijaya, A. (2017). Pengembangan kriteria seleksi untuk perakitan terung (Solanum melongena L.) berdaya hasil tinggi. Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia, 45(2), 182–187. https://doi.org/10.24831/jai.v45i2.13077
Rachmatika, W., Murti, R. H., Basunanda, P. 2017. Uji daya hasil dan kualitas buah tujuh hibrida tomat (Solanum lycopersicum L.) di dataran rendah. Vegetalika, 6(2), 55−65.
Ritonga, A. W., Sulistyowati, D., Budiman, C., Zamzami, A., Diaguna, R., & Permatasari, O. S. I. (2023). Evaluasi keragaman genetik berbagai galur murni jagung manis untuk penentuan tetua hibrida. Jurnal Agro, 10(1), 68–82. https://doi.org/10.15575/22932
Rivas-Sendra, A., Campos-Vega, M., Calabuig- Serna, A., & Seguí-Simarro, J. M. (2017). Development and characterization of an eggplant (Solanum melongena) doubled-haploid population and a doubled-haploid line with a high androgenic response. Euphytica, 213(4). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-017-1879-3
Rotilihya, F. (2017). Uji daya hasil sembilan galur harapan terung (Solanum melongena L.) IPB di Bogor, Jawa Barat [Undergraduate Thesis, IPB University]. IPB University Repository
Sharma, A., Pandey, H., Misra, V., Kumar, R., Vashishth, A., Devadas, V. S., Mall, A. K., Ashutosh, Raghvan, M., Kesavan, A. K., & Chaturvedi, V. D. (2024). CRISPR/ CAS9 and anther culture for precision double haploid line production in controlled environments. Plant Breeding. https://doi.org/10.1111/pbr.13227
Statistics Indonesia. (2019). Statistik tanaman sayuran dan buah-buahan semusim Indonesia 2018. BPS-Statistics Indonesia.
Statistics Indonesia. (2024). Statistik hortikultura 2023. BPS-Statistics Indonesia.
Yel, I., Dönmez, B. A., Yeşil, B., Tekinsoy, M., Saeed, F., & Bakhsh, A. (2023). Doubled haploid production – mechanism and utilization in plant breeding. In A. Raina, M. R. Wani, R. A. Laskar, N. Tomlekova, & S. Khan (Eds.), Advanced Crop Improvement, 1, 321–347. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28146-4_13
You, Q., Li, H., Wu, J., Li, T., Wang, Y., Sun, G., Li, Z., & Sun, B. (2022). Mapping and validation of the epistatic D and P genes controlling anthocyanin biosynthesis in the peel of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) fruit. Horticulture Research, 10(2), uhac268. https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhac268
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
All publications by Journal of Tropical Crop Science is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
